Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 km² (120,728 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and 9th in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38.5 million people, which makes it the 33rd most populous country in the world. The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I in 966 (see Baptism of Poland), when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by uniting to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795, and its territory was partitioned among Prussia, Russia, and Austria. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I but lost it again in World War II, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, and emerged several years later as a socialist republic within the Eastern Bloc under strong Soviet influence. In 1989 communist rule was overthrown and Poland became what is constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic". Poland is a unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships (województwo). Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO and OECD. (more)
Type: place
Genres: sports, politics, science, business
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Belarus:
Belarus ( ) (Belarusian and Беларусь, transliteration: Byelarus’, Białoruś , Baltarusija) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, that borders Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the
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Eastern Bloc:
During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were its allies in Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rom
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Second Polish Republic:
The Second Polish Republic is the name applied to the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. When the borders of the state were fixed in 1922 after several wars, the republic had borders with Czechoslovakia, Germany, Free City of Da
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People's Republic of Poland:
The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL; Russian: Польская Народная Республика, ПНР) was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1989 inclusively. Although the People's Republic of Polan
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Voivodeships of Poland:
The voivodeship or province (Polish: województwo) has been a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998, effective January 1, 1999, 16 new voivodeships were crea
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Union of Lublin:
The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія Polish: Unia lubelska) replaced the personal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy, since Sigismund I
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Baptism of Poland:
The Baptism of Poland (Polish: Chrzest Polski) was the event in 966 that signified the beginning of the Christianization of Poland, commencing with the baptism of Mieszko I, who was the first ruler of the Polish state. The next significant step in Po
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Area of Poland:
The following numbers characterize the area of Poland * Area of Polish territory - 322 575 km² (land area, internal waters area and territorial sea area) * Administrative area of Poland - 312 679 km². This is calculated according to the official defi
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Soviet Union:
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (abbreviated USSR, ; tr.: Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, SSSR), also called the Soviet Union (Советский Союз; tr.: Sovetsky Soyuz), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasi
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Russia:
Russia (Россия, Rossiya), also the Russian Federation ( , Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders w
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Czech Republic:
The Czech Republic ( ) ( , short form in Česko, ʧɛsko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe and a member state of the European Union. The country has borders with Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia
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Slovakia:
Slovakia (long form: Slovak Republic; Slovak: , long form ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million and an area of about 49,000 square kilometres (almost 19,000 square miles). The Slovak Republic borders the C
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Ukraine:
Ukraine (English pronunciation /juːˈkreɪn/; Україна, Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/) is a country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the B
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Lithuania:
Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika) is a country defined as being part of Northern Europe. Situated along the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, sharing borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast,
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Germany:
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( , ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the sou
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World War I:
World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, and The War to End All Wars, was a global war which took place primarily in Europe from 1914 to 1918. Over 40 million casualties resulted, including approximately 20 million military and
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Nazi Germany:
Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Party (aka NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which established a totalitarian dictatorship that existed from
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth:
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, official Lenkijos Karalystės ir Lietuvos Didžiosios kunigaikštystės respublika, also known as the Most Serene Republic (Commonwealth) of the Two (Both) Nations (Peoples), (Pierwsza Rzeczpospolita or Rzeczpospolita
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Grand Duchy of Lithuania:
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, old literary Lithuanian: Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Żamojckaje, Magnus Ducatus Lituaniae, Вялікае Княства Літоўскае, Vialikaje Kniastva Li
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Kaliningrad Oblast:
Kaliningrad Oblast (Калинингра́дская о́бласть, Kaliningradskaya oblast; informally called Yantarny kray (Янта́рный край, meaning amber region) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia on the Baltic coast. Despite being the westernmost part of the R
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Revolutions of 1989:
The Revolutions of 1989, sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, was a revolutionary wave that swept across Central and Eastern Europe in the autumn of 1989, ending in the overthrow of Soviet-style communist states within the space of a few months. E
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Mieszko I of Poland:
| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" | Mieszko I###|-###| align=center colspan=2 |### Mieszko I (c. 935-May 25 992) was a duke of the Polans and the first historical ruler of Poland. Member of
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List of World Heritage Sites in Poland:
There are thirteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Poland. The first properties were inscribed in the World Heritage List in 1978. Two of the sites are shared with neighboring countries. Poland also has four properties on the Tentative List.
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List of Poles:
This is a partial list of famous Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing persons. In the interest of fairness and accuracy, a minority of persons of mixed heritage have their respective ancestries credited.
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Communism:
Communism is a socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of the means of production. It is usually considered to be a branch of socialism, a broad group of social and political
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NATO:
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN); (also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance, or the Western Alliance) is a military alliance established by the signing of the Nort
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European Union:
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Community. With almost 500
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Baltic Sea:
The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat b
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development:
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (in French: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an international organisation of thirty countries that accept the principles of representative democra
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Enclave and exclave:
In political geography, an enclave is a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. An exclave, on the other hand, is a territory legally attached to a larger territory with which it is not physica
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Partitions of Poland:
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The partitions were carried out by Prussia, Russia and Habsb
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List of countries and outlying territories by total area:
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The list ranks sovereign states, as well as self-governing dependent territories. Total areas are included, covering land and inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Marine i
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Gmina:
The gmina or municipality (frequently translated commune), plural: gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level) of territorial division in Poland. As of 2004 there were 2,478 gminas. The word gmina is derived from the German word Gemeinde, meaning "co
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Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship:
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Kuyavia-Pomerania Province, or by its Polish name of województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [ ] or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is now divided. It is sit
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Warsaw:
Warsaw (Warszawa ; also known by other names) is the capital city of Poland and its largest city. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of 2007 was estimated at 1,704
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Polish language:
Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. It is the most spoken West Slavic language .
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Lower Silesian Voivodeship:
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Lower Silesia Province, or by its Polish name of województwo dolnośląskie [ ] or simply Dolnośląskie) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in south-western
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Sejm of the Republic of Poland:
The Sejm ( : ) is the lower house of the Polish parliament. Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-chamber Polish parliament, comprising the lower house (Chamber of Envoys; Polish: Izba Poselska), the upper house (Senat
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Wrocław:
Wrocław (Breslau ; Vratislav; Boroszló; Vroclavas; Vratislavia or Wratislavia; Hebrew: ורוצלב; Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief city of the historical region of Lower Silesia in south-western Poland, situated on the Oder (Odra) river. Over the centurie
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Poznań:
Poznań (Posnania; Posen; פּױזן) is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants (2006). Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, indus
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Galicia (Central Europe):
Galicia (Галичина (Halychyna), Galicja) is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, named after Ukraіniаn city of Halych. The nucleus of historic Galicia is formed of three regions of western Ukraine:
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Bydgoszcz:
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg , Bydgoščius, Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of 369,151 (2004), agglomeration more than 400 000, which makes it the 8th biggest city in Poland. It has been the capital of
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Poles:
The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Poles are sometimes defined as people who share a common Polish culture and are of Polish descent. Their religion is predominan
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Gdańsk:
Gdańsk (Polish pronunciation ; Danzig [ˈdant͡sɪç] , Gduńsk, Gedania, Dantiscum) is the city at the center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. World Gazetteer: Poland - largest cities (per geographical entity) It is Poland's principal
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Toruń:
Toruń (Thorn , Torń, Thorunium, see also: other names) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River, with population over 207,190 as of 2006, making it the second largest city of the Kujawy-Pomerania Province, after Bydgoszcz. The medieval old
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Frédéric Chopin:
Frédéric Chopin (Fryderyk (Franciszek) Chopin, sometimes Szopen; Frédéric (François) Chopin; surname pronunciation in English: , in French: ʃɔpɛ̃; March 1, 1810 - October 17, 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period. He
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Lublin Voivodeship:
Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province, or by its Polish name of województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in eastern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Lublin, Chełm, Zamość, Biała
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Kraków:
Kraków , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow ( , M-W: krăk'ou, krāk'ō ), is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 (1,403,247 in the Kraków-Tarnów sub-region). Central Statistical Office, Warsaw 2007
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Masovian Voivodeship:
Masovian Voivodeship (also known as Masovia Province, or by its Polish name of województwo mazowieckie or simply Mazowieckie) is the largest and most populous of the sixteen Polish provinces, or voivodeships, created in 1999. It occupies of east-cent
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Lublin:
Lublin is the biggest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 (2004). It is Poland's ninth largest city.
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Greater Poland Voivodeship:
Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known as Wielkopolska Province, or by its Polish name of województwo wielkopolskie or simply Wielkopolskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former P
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Szczecin:
Szczecin (Stettin of West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland on the Baltic Sea. As of the 2005 census the city had a total population of 420,638. Szczecin is located on the Ode
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Powiat:
A powiat (pronounced [ ]; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term powiat is most often tran
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Łódź:
Łódź (pronounced "wootch") is Poland's second largest city (population 767,628 in 2006). It is located in the centre of the country and serves as the capital of the Łódź Voivodeship. The coat of arms is canting, i.e., it contains a boat, alluding to
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Pomerania:
Pomerania (Pommern, Pomorze, Pòmòrze or Pòmòrskô, Pomerania or Pomorania) is a German and Polish region on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, stretching roughly from the Recknitz River near Stralsund in the west and the Oder River delta near Szczecin
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Lesser Poland Voivodeship:
Lesser Poland Voivodeship (also known as Małopolska Province, or by its Polish name województwo małopolskie or simply Małopolskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland. It has an area of , and a population of 3,267,731 (2006). It was cre
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Katowice:
Katowice (Kattowitz, Katovice) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula). Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km from the Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpa
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Subcarpathian Voivodeship:
Subcarpathian Voivodeship (also known as Podkarpacie Province, or by its Polish name of województwo podkarpackie or simply Podkarpackie) is a voivodeship, or province, situated in the far south-east of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest c
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Łódź Voivodeship:
Łódź Voivodeship (also known as Łódź Province, or by its Polish name of województwo łódzkie or simply Łódzkie) is a province (voivodeship) in central Poland, created on January 1, 1999 out of the former Łódź Voivodeship (1975-99) and the Sieradz, Pio
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Vistula River:
The Vistula (Wisła; Weichsel; Visla), is the longest river in Poland at 1,047 km (678 miles) in length. It drains an area of 194,424 km² (75,067 sq. miles), of which 168,699 km² (65,135 sq. miles) lies within Poland (over half the area of the country
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Silesian Voivodeship:
Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province, or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centring on the region known as Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk). Its capital is Katow
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Pomeranian Voivodeship:
Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Pomerania Province, or by its Polish name of województwo pomorskie [ ] or simply Pomorskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in northern Poland, within the eastern part of the historic region of Pomerania (Pomorze)
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West Pomeranian Voivodeship:
West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in north-western Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivod
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Voivodeship:
A voivodeship, also spelled voivodship, voivodina or vojvodina (Polish: województwo, Romanian: voievodat, Serbian: vojvodina (војводина), vojvodstvo (војводство) or vojvodovina (војводовина), Hungarian: vajdaság, Lithuanian: vaivadija, Latin Palatina
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Opole:
Opole (Oppeln ) is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River (Odra). It has a population of 129,553 and is the capital of the Opole Voivodeship, and also the seat of Opole County. It is the historical capital of Upper Silesia. Today, many German Up
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Kielce:
Kielce is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants (2006). It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919-1939, 1945-1998). The city is located in the
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Solidarity:
Solidarity ( sɔli'darnɔɕt͡ɕ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity" — Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność" ɲeza'lɛʐnɨ samɔ'ʐɔndnɨ 'zvjɔ̃zɛk zavɔ'dɔvɨ sɔli'darnɔɕt͡ɕ) is a Polish trade union federation founded i
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Invasion of Poland (1939):
The Invasion of Poland, 1939 (in Poland also "the September Campaign," "Kampania wrześniowa," and "the 1939 Defensive War," "Wojna obronna 1939 roku"; in Germany, "the Poland Campaign," "Polenfeldzug," codenamed "Fall Weiss," "Case White," by the Ger
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Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship:
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (also known as Warmia-Masuria Province , or by its Polish name województwo warmińsko-mazurskie or simply Warmińsko-Mazurskie) is a voivodeship, or province, in north-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn
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History of Poland (966–1385):
In the first centuries of its existence, the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European state, and integrated Poland into European culture. Formidable foreign enemies a
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Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship:
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (województwo świętokrzyskie or simply Świętokrzyskie) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is presently divided. It is situated in south-central Poland, in the historical province of Lesser Poland, an
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Gdynia:
Gdynia (Gdingen (until 1939), Gotenhafen (1939-1945); Gdiniô) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport at Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. Located in Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia is part of a
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Olsztyn:
Olsztyn (Allenstein ; Olštynas; Old Prussian: Alnāsteini) is a city in northeastern Poland, on the River Łyna. Historically the capital of the Warmia region, Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previous
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Podlaskie Voivodeship:
Podlaskie Voivodeship (województwo podlaskie or simply Podlaskie), also known as Podlachian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship (province) in north-eastern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Białystok and Łomża Voivodeships and th
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Białystok:
Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest city in northeastern Poland. It is located near the border with Belarus, and is the historical capital of the Podlachia region. Białystok had a population of 294,830 in 2006. The capital of t
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Lubusz Voivodeship:
Lubusz Voivodeship (also known as Lubusz Province, or by its Polish name of województwo lubuskie or simply Lubuskie) is a voivodeship (province) in western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona G
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Masovia:
Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland's Masovian Plain. Its historic capitals include Płock.
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Opole Voivodeship:
Opole Voivodeship (also known as Opole Province, or by its Polish name of województwo opolskie or simply Opolskie; Woiwodschaft Oppeln/Oppelner Schlesien) is a Polish voivodeship, or province, created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole Voivo
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Jagiellonian University:
The Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, often shortened to UJ) is located in Kraków, Poland. Originally founded as Akademia Krakowska (Cracow Academy) in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, it is the second oldest university in Central Euro
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Rzeszów:
Rzeszów (Ряшiв, Reichshof, Resovia, ריישע-Reisha) is a city in south-eastern Poland with a population of 170,722 (2008), granted a town charter in 1354, the capital and largest city of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously of Rzeszów
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Landscape Park (Poland):
In Poland, a Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy) is a type of protected area similar to a National Park, but with less stringent restrictions on development and economic use. Legally, it is defined as an "area protected because of its natural, histori
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Greater Poland:
Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań. Administratively, most of the region now forms Greater Poland Voivodeship (województwo wiel
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Roman Polanski:
Roman Raymond Polanski (born August 18, 1933) is an Academy Award-winning film director, writer, actor and producer. After beginning his career in Poland, Polanski became a celebrated arthouse filmmaker, and Hollywood director of such films as Rosema
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Marie Curie:
Marie Curie (born Maria Skłodowska; also known as Maria Skłodowska–Curie; November 7, 1867 - July 4, 1934) was a physicist and chemist of Polish upbringing and, subsequently, French citizenship. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the on
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Zielona Góra:
Zielona Góra (Grünberg in Schlesien) is a city in Lower Silesia, in western Poland, with 118,730 inhabitants within the city limits (2004) and 294,000 inhabitants within the metropolitan area, including two neighbouring counties (2005). The town is s
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Belarusians:
Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы, Biełarusy, previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also White Russians) are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus and form minorities in ne
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Lesser Poland:
Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland", Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. It forms the southernmost part of the country. It should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which cover
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Tarnów:
Tarnów (Tarnau; טארנא-Turna) is a city in southeastern Poland with 118,128 inhabitants (2006). The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major r
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Sopot:
Sopot (Zoppot ; Kashubian: Sopòt) is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000. Sopot is a city with powiat (county) status, in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Un
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Polonia:
Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages, refers in modern Polish to the Polish diaspora—people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders. There are roughly 15-20 million people of Polish ancestry living outsi
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Duchy of Warsaw:
The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie; Duché de Varsovie; Herzogtum Warschau; Варшавское герцогство) was a Polish state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treatie
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Warta:
The Warta (Warthe; Varta) is a river in western-central Poland, a tributary of the Oder river. With a length of approximately 808 kilometers it is the country's third longest river. The Warta has a basin area of 54,529 square kilometers. It is connec
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List of Polish monarchs:
Poland, or at least its nucleus, was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes) (ca. 10th-14th century) or by Kings (ca. 11th-18th century). The longest-reigning dynasties were the Piasts (ca. 960 – 1370) and Jagiellons (1386–1572). Intervenin
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Gorzów Wielkopolski:
Gorzów Wielkopolski (abbreviated Gorzów Wlkp.; Landsberg an der Warthe) is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river, with 125,780 inhabitants (2005). Since 1999, it is one of the two capitals of Lubusz Voivodeship (the other is Zielona Góra); pre
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Elbląg:
Elbląg (Elbing ; Elbinga) is a city in northern Poland with 127,892 inhabitants (2006). It is the capital of Elbląg County and has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital of Elbląg Voivodeship (197
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PZL:
PZL (Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works) was the main Polish aerospace manufacturer of the interwar period, based in Warsaw, functioning in 1928-1939. The abbreviation was thereafter - from late 1950s - used as an aircraft brand and as
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Tatra Mountains:
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra (Tatry in both Slovak and Polish), constitute a mountain range which forms a natural border between Slovakia and Poland. They occupy an area of 750 km², the major part (600km²) of which lies in Slovakia. The highe
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Senate of the Republic of Poland:
The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament. It consists of 100 senators elected by universal ballot and is headed by the Marshal of the Senate (Marszałek Senatu).
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Leopard (car):
Leopard 6 Litre Roadster is a Polish classical sport-style luxury car, produced by Leopard Automobile AB in the city of Mielec. The Leopard was designed by Zbysław Szwaj, the company president and designer of the Gepard car.
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Lech Wałęsa:
Lech Wałęsa ( : ; born September 29, 1943) is a Polish politician and a former trade union and human rights activist. He co-founded Solidarity (Solidarność), the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and ser
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President of the Republic of Poland:
The President of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the Polish Head of State. He or she is directly elected by the people to serve a term of five years. He can be reelected only once. H
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Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland:
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland represents the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet) and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and a
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Andrzej Wajda:
Andrzej Wajda (born March 6, 1926 in Suwałki) is an award-winning Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is one of the most prominent members of the Polish Film School.
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Beskids:
The Beskids (Beskidy, Beskydy, Beskydy, Rusyn: Бескиды, Бескиди) is a traditional name for a series of mountain ranges in the northeastern Czech Republic, northwestern Slovakia, southern Poland and in Western Ukraine. The Beskids are approximately 60
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Narew:
The Narew or Narew River (Belarusian:Нараў, Lithuanian:Naura), in western Belarus and north-eastern Poland, is a tributary of the Vistula river. The portion of the river between Zegrze Lake, where it is joined by the Bug, and the Vistula is sometimes
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Krzysztof Penderecki:
Krzysztof Penderecki ( , born November 23, 1933 in Dębica) is a Polish composer and conductor of classical music.
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List of National Parks of Poland:
There are currently 23 National Parks in Poland. These were formerly run by the Polish Board of National Parks (Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 responsibility for them was transferred to the Ministry of the Environment. Most National P
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Oder-Neisse line:
The Oder-Neisse line (Granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej, Oder-Neiße-Grenze) marked the border between German Democratic Republic and Poland between 1950 and 1990. Since 1990, it has marked the border between reunited Germany and Poland. The line is
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Western Bug:
The Bug or Buh River, (Bug [buk]; Західний Буг, Zakhidnyy Buh; Захо́дні Буг, Zakhodni Buh; Западный Буг, Zapadnyy Bug) called sometimes Western Bug to distinguish it from Southern Bug, flows from central Ukraine to the west, forming part of the bound
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Martial law in Poland:
Martial law in Poland (Stan wojenny w Polsce) refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983 when the government of the People's Republic of Poland drastically restricted normal life in an attempt to crush the political oppositi
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Henryk Sienkiewicz:
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( ; also known as "Litwos" [ˈlitfɔs]; Wola Okrzejska, Congress Poland, May 5, 1846–November 15, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist. He was one of the most popular
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Kashubians:
Kashubians/Kashubs/Kaszubians (Kaszëbi; Kaszubi), also called Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic ethnic group of north-central Poland. The Kashubian unofficial capital is Kartuzy (Kartuzë). Among larger cities, Gdynia (Gdiniô; (Gdingen (unti
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Usedom:
Usedom (Usedom [ˈuːzədɔm], Uznam [ˈuznam]) is a Baltic Sea island on the border between Germany and Poland. It is situated north of the Szczecin Lagoon (Stettiner Haff) estuary of the Oder river in Pomerania. Most of the island belongs to the German
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High Tatras:
High Tatras or High Tatra (Slovak and Czech: Vysoké Tatry, Polish: Tatry Wysokie) are a mountain range on the borders between Slovakia and Poland. They are a part of the Eastern Tatras Mountains.
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Polish literature:
Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. The majority of Polish literature was written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland over the centuries (including Latin, Yiddish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Ger
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Świnoujście:
Świnoujście (Swinemünde) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland. It is situated mainly on the islands of Usedom and Wolin, but also occupies smaller islands, of which the largest is Ka
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Stanisław Lem:
Stanisław Lem ( sta'ɲiswaf lɛm, September 12, 1921 – March 27, 2006) was a Polish science fiction, philosophical and satirical writer. His books have been translated into 41 languages and have sold over 27 million copies. Stanislaw Lem 1921 - 2006. O
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Kresy:
The term Kresy, meaning Outskirts or Borderlands, was first used to define the Polish eastern frontier. The Borderlands referred to the eastern frontiers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the period of the Second Polish Republic, The Bord
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Karol Szymanowski:
Karol Maciej Szymanowski (October 3, 1882 in Tymoszówka (present-day Ukraine) – March 28, 1937) was a Polish composer and pianist, and among the most influential composers of the 20th century.
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Wolin:
Wolin (Wollin) is the name shared by an island located in the Baltic Sea located just off the Polish coast, and a town located on the island. It is separated from the island of Usedom by the Świna river, and from mainland Pomerania by the Dziwna rive
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Kołobrzeg:
Kołobrzeg (Kolberg ; Kòłobrzeg; Cholbergensis) is a city in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50,000 inhabitants (as of 2000). Kołobrzeg is located on the Parsęta River on the south coast of the Baltic Sea (in the middle of the secti
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Karkonosze:
The Karkonosze [ ] (Polish) or Krkonoše (Czech), also known as the Giant Mountains (Riesengebirge), is a mountain range in the Sudetes, divided between Poland and the Czech Republic. Its highest peak is Sněžka (Śnieżka), which stands on the border be
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Bolesław Prus:
Bolesław Prus (pronounced: [[Media:Prus.ogg| [bɔ'lεswaf 'prus] ]]; Hrubieszów, August 20, 1847 - May 19, 1912, Warsaw), whose actual name was Aleksander Głowacki, was a Polish journalist and novelist known especially for his novels The Doll and
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Podlachia:
Podlachia, Podlesia, or Podlasie is a historical region in the eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. It is located between the Biebrza River in the north and its natural continuation to the south — the Polesie area. The region is called P
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Krzysztof Kieślowski:
(June 27, 1941 - March 13, 1996 ) was an influential Oscar-nominated Polish film director and screenwriter, known internationally for his film cycles Three Colors and The Decalogue.
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Lech Kaczyński:
, (born June 18, 1949) is the President of the Republic of Poland and a politician of the conservative party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice, PiS.) Kaczyński served as President of Warsaw from 2002 until December 22, 2005, the day before his
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Masuria:
Masuria (Mazury; ) is an area in northeastern Poland famous for its lakes and forests. Together with Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north and a small section of Lithuania, the region used to be a part of Prussia and of the province of East Prussi
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List of Polish wars:
Below is a list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces participated or took place on Polish territory.
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Kazimierz Pułaski:
Kazimierz Pułaski of Clan Ślepowron ( , often written Casimir Pulaski in English in the USA (March 4, 1746 – October 11, 1779), was a Polish soldier, member of the Polish-Lithuanian szlachta and politician who has been called "the father of American
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Siege of Warsaw (1939):
The 1939 Battle of Warsaw was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army (Armia Warszawa) garrisoned and entrenched in the capital of Poland (Warsaw) and the German Army. It started with huge aerial bombardments by the Luftwaffe starting on September 1, 1
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Hel Peninsula:
Hel Peninsula ( ; Mierzeja Helska, Półwysep Helski; Hélskô Sztremlëzna; Halbinsel Hela or Putziger Nehrung) is a 35-km-long sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea. It is located in Puck County of the
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Kruszwica:
Kruszwica [ ] (German: Kruschwitz) is a town in central Poland and is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1975-1998). It has a population of 9,412 people (2004).
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Władysław Gomułka:
Władysław Gomułka (February 6, 1905, Krosno - September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader. He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) starting in 1926. In 1934 Gomułka went to Moscow, where he lived for a
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Jan Matejko:
Jan Matejko ( ) (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24, 1838, Free City of Kraków; - November 1, 1893, Kraków) was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events. Jan Matejko: The Painter and Patriot. Las
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Masurian Lake District:
The Masurian Lake District or Masurian Lakeland (Pojezierze Mazurskie; Masurische Seenplatte) is a lake district in northeastern Poland containing more than 2,000 lakes. It extends roughly 290 km (180 mi) eastwards from the lower Vistula River to the
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Henryk Górecki:
Henryk Mikołaj Górecki ( ) (born December 6, 1933 in Czernica, Silesia, Poland) is a Polish composer of classical music. Górecki's work in the late 1950s and 1960s was characterised by a dissonant modernism influenced by Nono, Stockhausen, and his co
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Donald Tusk:
Donald Franciszek Tusk ( , born 22 April 1957, Gdańsk) is a center-right Polish politician, co-founder and chairman of the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska), and the current Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland. Tusk was officially designate
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Edward Gierek:
Edward Gierek (January 6 1913 - July 29 2001) was a Polish communist politician. He was born in Zagórze, outside of Sosnowiec. He lost his father to a mining accident in a pit at the age of four. His mother married again and emigrated to northern Fra
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Witold Gombrowicz:
Witold Marian Gombrowicz (August 4, 1904 in Małoszyce, near Kielce, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – July 24, 1969 in Vence, near Nice, France) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. His works are characterized by deep psychological analysis, a certai
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Operation Wisła:
Operation Wisła (Akcja Wisła) was the codename for the 1947 deportation of southeastern Poland's Ukrainian, Boyko and Lemko populations, carried out by the Polish communist authorities http://www.twojebieszczady.pl/upa/upa5.php http://akcjawisla.semp
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Constitution of the Republic of Poland:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 is Poland's current constitution. It replaced the temporary amendments put into place in 1992 designed to reverse the effects of communism, establishing the nation as "a democratic state rule
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Białowieża Forest:
Białowieża Primaeval Forest, known as Belaveskaya Pushcha (Белавеская пушча) or Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus and Puszcza Białowieska in Poland, is an ancient woodland straddling the border between Belarus and Poland, located 70 km north of Brest.
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Juliusz Słowacki:
Juliusz Słowacki (4 September 1809 in Krzemieniec, Poland now in Ukraine - 3 April 1849 in Paris) was a noted Polish Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. It is characteristic for his writing to present mystic
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Łeba:
Łeba [ ] (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Leba; Leba) is a town in Middle Pomerania, Poland, located near Łebsko Lake and the mouth of the Łeba River at the coast of Baltic sea.
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Silesians:
Silesians (Silesian: Ślůnzoki; Ślązacy; Slezané; Schlesier) are the inhabitants of Silesia in Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. There has been some debate over whether or not the Silesians (historically Upper Silesians) who speak a West Slavic
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Władysławowo:
Władysławowo [ ] (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Wiôlgô Wies, Großendorf) is a town on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in the Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania region, northern Poland, with 14,801 (2005) inhabitants. Situated in the Puck County in Pomeranian Vo
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Warsaw Stock Exchange:
The Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, is a stock exchange located in Warsaw, Poland. It is the largest stock exchange in the region, with a capitalization of €221 billion . The WSE is a member of the World Federa
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Lusatian culture:
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (1300 BC-500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland, parts of Czech Republic and Slovakia and parts of Ukraine. It covers the Periods Montelius III (early Lusatian culture) to V
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Biskupin:
Biskupin is an archaeological site and a life-size model of an Iron Age fortified settlement in north-central Poland (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship). It belongs to the Biskupin group of the Lusatian culture. The excavation and the reconstruction of
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Polish–Russian War:
Wars fought between Poland and Russia include: *Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars of the 16th century *Livonian War (1558–1583) *Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) *Smolensk War (1632–1634) *Russo–Polish War (1654–1667) *War of the Polish Succession (1733–1735
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Leszek Balcerowicz:
Leszek Balcerowicz (pronounced: [[Media:Balcerowicz.ogg| ['lεʃεk balʦε'rɔviʧ] ]]) (born January 19, 1947) is a Polish economist and the former chairman of the National Bank of Poland. He is famous for implementing the Polish economic transformation p
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Ryszard Kapuściński:
Ryszard Kapuściński ( : ['rɨʃard kapuɕ'ʨiɲski] ; March 4 1932 - January 23, 2007) was a popular Polish journalist, author, publicist and poet, at both home and abroad. Born in Pińsk, a city formerly located in the Kresy Wschodnie (Eastern Borderlands
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Wisława Szymborska:
Wisława Szymborska ( , born July 2, 1923 in Kórnik, Poland) is a Polish poet, essayist and translator. She was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. In Poland, her books reach sales rivaling prominent prose authors —although she once rema
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Pieniny:
Pieniny (Pieninen) is a mountain range in Poland and Slovakia. The Pieniny mountain range is divided into three parts - Pieniny Spiskie (Slovak: Spišské Pieniny) and Pieniny Właściwe (Slovak: Centrálne Pieniny) in Poland and Malé Pieniny (English: Le
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Mariavite Church:
The Mariavite Church is an independent Christian church that emerged from the Roman Catholic Church of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Initially, it was an internal movement leading to a reform of the Polish clergy, but after a conflict with
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Świętokrzyskie Mountains:
Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), (Polish, ) are a mountain range in central Poland, in the vicinity of the city of Kielce. In most part the chain consists of a number of separate ranges, the highest of which is Łysogóry (lit. bald mou
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PZL-Mielec:
PZL-Mielec (Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze - Polish Aviation Works), formerly WSK-Mielec (Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego) and WSK "PZL-Mielec" is the Polish aerospace manufacturer, based in Mielec. It has been the biggest Polish post-war aerospace manuf
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List of cities and towns in Poland:
This page contains a list of cities and towns in Poland, preceded by a table of major Polish cities. The table ranks cities by population based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Note that in the Polish system of administration th
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Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz:
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, a.k.a. "Witkacy" (February 24, 1885 – September 18, 1939) was a Polish writer, novelist, playwright, photographer, philosopher and painter.
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PT-91:
The PT-91 Twardy ("tough" or "resilient") is a Polish main battle tank. It is an extensive modernization of the T-72M1. It first entered service in 1995. The PT-91 was designed at the Research and Development Centre of Mechanical Systems OBRUM and is
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Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland:
The Council of Ministers (cabinet), or Polish government, consists of ministers, heads of departments of ministerial rank, and heads of central institutions. The Council of Ministers is the body which exercises executive power. Under the Public Admin
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Biebrza:
Biebrza (Bobra) is a river in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river (near Wizna), with a length of 155 kilometres (28th longest) and the basin area of 7,057 sq. km. (7,051 in Poland). Larger towns in the area: * Lipsk * Sztabin * Gonią
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Visegrád Group:
The Visegrad Group, also called the Visegrad Four or V4, is an alliance of four Central European states - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - for the purposes of cooperation and furthering their European integration. The Group's name i
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Angrapa River:
Angrapa (Węgorapa, Анграпа, Angerapp) is a river in northeastern Poland and Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast). It originates in Masuria and flows into the Pregolya, of which it is a main tributary. The Angrapa has a length of 172 km and a basin area of 3,6
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Zagłębie Dąbrowskie:
Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (literally Coal Fields of Dąbrowa; ) is a historical and geographical region in Poland. It forms a part of the Lesser Poland, though it shares many cultural and historical features of the neighbouring Silesia. It is often referred
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Western Tatras:
The Western Tatras (Západné Tatry; Tatry Zachodnie) are mountains in the Tatras, part of the Carpathian Mountains, located on the Polish-Slovak borders. The mountains border the High Tatras in the east. In Slovakia, they are partially located in the
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PZA Loara:
The PZA LOARA (Polish Przeciwlotniczy Zestaw Artyleryjski = anti-aircraft artillery system) is a Polish armoured radar directed self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system.
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Krynica Morska:
Krynica Morska [ ] (Polish formerly: Łysica (1945-1958); Kahlberg), is a town and coextensive municipality (gmina) in northern Poland with 1,364 inhabitants (2006). It has been a part of Nowy Dwór Gdański County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999;
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Polish presidential election, 1990:
Presidential elections were held in Poland on Sunday November 25 (first round), and Sunday December 9, 1990 (second round). 60.6% of citizens cast their votes during the first round, 98.5% of those were valid. 53.4% of citizens cast their vote during
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Telekomunikacja Polska:
Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. (also known as TPSA or just TP) is a Polish national telecommunications provider established in December of 1991. It is a Public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by France Télécom
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Międzyzdroje:
Międzyzdroje [ ] (Misdroy) is a town and a seaside resort in northwestern Poland on the island of Wolin on the Baltic coast. Previously in the Szczecin Voivodeship (1975-1998), Międzyzdroje has been in Kamień Pomorski County in the West Pomeranian Vo
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Jelcz:
Jelcz SA is a Polish producer of buses and trucks, located in Jelcz-Laskowice.
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Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland:
Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession in Poland (Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) the largest Protestant body in Poland, is rooted in the Reformation. The first Lutheran sermons were held in 1518, and in 1523 the first
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Rysy:
Rysy (Tengerszem-csúcs, Meeraugspitze) is a mountain in the crest of the High Tatras, at the Polish-Slovak border. Rysy has three peaks: middle (2,503 m), north-western (2,499 m) and south-eastern (2,473 m). The north-western peak is the highest poin
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Polish Jura Chain:
The Polish Jura Chain, also known as the Polish Jurassic Highland, or Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic Highland Chain (Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska) is part of the Jurassic System of south–central Poland, stretching between the cities of Kraków, Częstocho
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Bay of Pomerania:
The Bay of Pomerania or Pomeranian Bay (Polish: Zatoka Pomorska; German: Pommersche Bucht) is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Poland and Germany. In the south it is separated from the Oder Lagoon in the mouth of the Oder Riv
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Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland:
The Constitutional Tribunal (Trybunał Konstytucyjny) of the Republic of Poland is a judicial body established to resolve disputes on the constitutionality of the activities of state institutions; its main task is to supervise the compliance of statut
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Bay of Puck:
The Bay of Puck or Puck Bay (Zatoka Pucka; Pùckô Hôwiga), historically also known as the Bay of Putzig (Putziger Wiek), is a shallow western branch of the Bay of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania, Poland. It is sep
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Tarnica:
Tarnica is a peak in the Bieszczady Mountains in southern Poland. Its height is 1,346 meters. It is one of the Polish Crown Peaks. The summit towers 500 meter above the Wołosatka Valley. It can be easily told apart from its neighbours by its distinct
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Solaris Bus & Coach:
Solaris Bus & Coach S.A. is a bus, coach and trolleybus manufacturer based in Bolechowo and Środa Wielkopolska, near Poznań, Poland. It is a family-owned business, with Krzysztof Olszewski as chairman and his wife Solange as deputy chairman responsib
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Gopło:
Gopło is a lake in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland, near the city of Gniezno. It gives its name to the protected area called Gopło Landscape Park. The Goplanie (Polish tribe) made their home on the shores of Lake Gopło. At the n
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State Tribunal of the Republic of Poland:
The State Tribunal (Trybunał Stanu) of the Republic of Poland is the judicial body, which rules on the constitutional liability of people holding the highest offices of state. It examines cases concerning the infringement of the Constitution and laws
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Centre for Public Opinion Research (Poland):
Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej (CBOS) (Centre for Public Opinion Research) is an opinion polling institute in Poland, based in Warsaw. Originally established in communist Poland in 1982, it has operated as a non-profit public foundation created by
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Prehistory of Poland (until 966):
The prehistory of Poland, or the history of Poland until 966 AD, covers the period from the appearance of humans on the lands of today's Poland to the establishment of the Polish state. Although it spans at least half a million years, we have only a
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Oscypek:
Oscypek (Polish; plural: oscypki) is a smoked cheese made of salted sheep milk exclusively in the Tatra Mountains region of Poland. Oscypek is a protected trade name under the EU's Protected Designation of Origin geographical indication. A similar ch
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Voivodeship sejmik:
A voivodeship sejmik (sejmik województwa) is a regional council composed of elected councillors in each of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) of Poland. Sejmiks are elected for four-year terms. The number of councillors varies, depending on the populati
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Upper Silesian Coal Basin:
Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Polish: Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe, GZW) is a coal basin in Silesia, mostly in Poland but also partly in the Czech Republic (the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin). It also contains a number of other minable resources (methane,
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Gorce National Park:
Gorce National Park (Gorczański Park Narodowy) is a national park in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It covers central and northeastern parts of the Gorce mountains, which are part of the Western Beskids (at the western end of the Carpath
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Czarna Hańcza:
Czarna Hańcza (Juodoji Ančia) is the largest river of the Suwałki region of north-eastern Poland. It is known for having large postglacial boulders. It is a tributary of the Neman River.
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Polish census of 2002:
Polish census of 2002 (Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2002) was a census in Poland taken from 21 May to 8 June 2002.
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Polish Ombudsman:
Polish Ombudsman (Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, literally Ombudsman for Citizen Rights, often abbreviated RPO) is an independent central office of the Republic of Poland. The office was first established on January 1, 1988. Its functioning is regulate
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Islam in Poland:
The first noticeable presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century. From this time it was primarily associated with the Tatars, many of whom settled in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth while continuing their traditions and religious beliefs. Th
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Łebsko Lake:
Łebsko Lake (Lebasee) is a coastal lake in Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland. It is the part of Słowiński National Park. Its area is 7,142 ha. It is 16.4 km long and 7.6 km wide. Maximum depth is 6.3 m.
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Supreme Administrative Court of the Republic of Poland:
The Supreme Administrative Court of the Republic of Poland (Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny) is the court of last resort in administrative cases e.g. those betweens private citizens (or corporations) and administrative bodies. This court deals with appe
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PKO Bank Polski:
PKO Bank Polski, Spółka Akcyjna (PKO BP S.A.) is Poland's largest bank. Although floated on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, as of June 2007 the state still holds 51.49% of shares.http://www.pkobp.pl/index.php/id=rel_akca/zone=-1/section=ri The privatized
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Śniardwy:
Śniardwy ( ) is a lake in the Masurian Lake District in Warmia-Masuria, Poland. It is the largest lake in Poland with an area of 113.8 square kilometres (43.9 square miles). It is 22.1 kilometres (13.7 miles) long and 13.4 kilometres (8.3 miles) wide
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Protected areas of Poland:
Protected areas in Poland include the following types, as defined by the Act on protection of nature of 16 April 2004: * 23 National Parks (see list of National Parks of Poland) * 123 Landscape Parks (see list of Landscape Parks of Poland) * over 130
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Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland:
The Supreme Court (Sąd Najwyższy) of the Republic of Poland supervises the adjudication in: * General courts - these are district, regional, and appeal courts. They adjudicate in the areas of civil, criminal, family and labour law. * Military courts
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Lake Mamry:
Mamry (Mauersee) is a lake in the Masurian Lake District in Warmia-Masuria, Poland. It is the second largest lake in Poland with an area of 104 km². Maximum depth is 44 m, average is 11 m. It comprise of a six lakes connected together: Mamry, Kirsajt
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Autosan:
Autosan S.A. is Polish automobile-bus producer. The company is now located in Sanok town, Poland. Its sale network includes European (also non-EU countries), African and Asian countries.
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Hańcza:
Hańcza is a lake in Suwałki Region, Podlachian Voivodeship, Poland. It is 311.4 ha large, 4.5 km long and 1.2 km wide. It is the deepest lake in Poland with maximum depth of 108.5 m.
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Błędów Desert:
Błędów Desert (Pustynia Błędowska) is an area of sands between Błędów (part of Dąbrowa Górnicza in Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union) and the village of Klucze in Poland, European Union. The area lies mainly on the Silesian Highlands in the Silesian
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Solbus:
Solbus is the fastest growing Polish bus producer founded 2001 in Solec Kujawski. It has been described as one of the "major players in Poland's automotive industry". In 2005 it accounted for 20% of bus production in Poland, and was named by the busi
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Zapiekanka:
Zapiekanka is a Polish name for halved baguette topped mainly with mushrooms and cheese, or other types of meat, cheese and vegetables. Beside some basic version there are several recipes like Zapiekanka "Hawaii" with pineapple, "Grecka" with olives
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Danube:
The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow, run", Slovak Dunaj, Hungarian Duna, Romanian Dunărea, Old Norse Duná, Turkish Tuna, ancient Greek Istros, Croatian Dunav, Serbian Дунав/Dunav, Bulgarian and Macedonian Дунав,
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Silesia:
Silesia (in English, , Slezsko; ; Silesia; Śląsk; Silesian: Ślůnsk) is a historical region of Central Europe located in contemporary Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. It is rich in mineral and natural resources and home to large amounts of indu
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Allies:
In general, allies are individuals, groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common or purpose. Allies spelled with a capital "A", usually denotes the countries who fought together against th
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Tsar:
Tsar or czar (Russian , Bulgarian, Serbian: цар, in scientific transliteration respectively car' and car), occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English (Zar in German and most other Germanic languages, Çar in Turkish), is a Slavonic term designating
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Tatars:
Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartar (more about the name), are a Turkic ethnic group or a couple of ethnic groups. Most current day Tatars live in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Moldova, Lithuania, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Kazakhst
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Carpathian Mountains:
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi; Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати (Karpaty); German: Karpaten; Serbian: Karpati / Карпати; Hungarian: Kárpátok) are a range of mountains forming an arc of roughly 1,500 km across C
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Oder River:
The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It begins in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming the northern 187 km of the border between Poland and Germany, part of the Oder-Neisse line. The
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Piast dynasty:
The Piast dynasty was a Polish dynasty Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN Warsaw 1975 vol. III page 505 that ruled Poland from its beginnings as independent state ruled by Mieszko I in the 10th century, until 1370. Branches of the Piasts continued to rule i
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact:
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, colloquially named after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially entitled the Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of So
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Lower Silesia:
Lower Silesia (Niederschlesien; Silesia Inferior; Dolny Śląsk) is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast. Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of mediev
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History of the Jews in Poland:
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a millennium. Poland was home to the largest Jewish population in Europe and served as the center for Jewish culture, ranging from a long period of religious tolerance and prosperity among the country
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D'Hondt method:
The D'Hondt method (mathematically but not operationally equivalent to Jefferson's method, and Bader-Ofer method) is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method is named after Belgian mathemati
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Gingerbread:
Gingerbread is a sweet that can take the form of a cake or a cookie in which the predominant flavors are ginger and raw sugar. As a cookie, gingerbread can be made into a thin, crisp cookie (often called a ginger snap) or a softer cookie similar to
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Khmelnytsky Uprising:
The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky/Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a rebellion or war of liberation in the lands of present-day Ukraine which raged from 1648-1654. Under the command of Hetman Bohda
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Battle of Warsaw (1920):
The Battle of Warsaw (Russian: Варшáвское сражéние, Polish: Bitwa Warszawska; sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish: Cud nad Wisłą) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Soviet War, which began soon after the end of World War I
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Sudetes:
The Sudetes (suˈdiːtiːz) is a mountain range in Central Europe. They are also known as the Sudeten (German: [zu'de:tən]) or Sudety (Czech: ['sudetɪ]; Polish: [su'detɨ]) Mountains. The Sudetes stretch from eastern Germany to Poland and the Czech Repub
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Circumboreal Region:
The Circumboreal Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan. It is the largest floristic region in the world by area, compris
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Polans (western):
The Polans (also known as Polanes, Polanians or Polians; Polanie) were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin in the 8th century. In the late 9th century the Polans managed to subdue most of the Slavic tribes between the Odra (Oder) and
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Curzon Line:
The Curzon Line was a demarcation line proposed in 1920 by British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon of Kedleston as a possible armistice line between Poland to the west and the Bolshevik Russian sphere of influence to the east during the Polish-Soviet W
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Gdańsk Bay:
Gdańsk Bay or the Bay of Gdańsk (Zatoka Gdańska; Gduńskô Hôwinga; Гданьская бухта), also known as Danzig Bay (Danziger Bucht), is a southeastern bay of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the adjacent port city of Gdańsk (Danzig) in Poland and it is so
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Bieszczady Mountains:
Bieszczady, or Bieszczadzkie Mountains (lat. Poloniae Alpe Besczade, ru. Бещады, sr. Бјешчади), is the Polish name of the western part of what the Polish call Eastern Beskids (Beskidy Wschodnie). It is a part of the Carpathian Mountains. The mountain
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Szczecin Lagoon:
The Lagoon of the Oder River is an inland water basin situated in the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea. It is shared by Germany and Poland. The Oder lagoon (Oderhaff) is also named after a seaport city which is about 20km upstream on the Oder, Lag
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Tricity:
Tricity (or Tri-City, also called Treble City, in Polish Trójmiasto) is an urban area consisting of three Polish cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot. They are situated adjacent to one other, in a row, on the coast of the Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, in Easte
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Vistula Spit:
The Vistula Spit (Mierzeja Wiślana; Балтийская коса; Frische Nehrung) is a spit, or peninsular stretch of land, which cuts the Vistula Lagoon off from Gdańsk Bay (Danziger Bucht) in the Baltic Sea. The border between Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast, an
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Janusz Kamiński:
Janusz Zygmunt Kamiński, A.S.C. (born June 27 1959) is a two-time Academy Award-winning Polish cinematographer and film director; he has photographed all of Steven Spielberg's movies since 1993's Schindler's List. Kamiński was born in Ziębice, Poland
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German minority in Poland:
The German minority in Poland consists of 152,900 people according to a 2002 census. At the end of World War II, the territories of West Prussia, southern East Prussia, Lower Silesia, Upper Silesia, East Brandenburg, and the larger part of Pomerania
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Zbigniew Rybczyński:
Zbigniew Rybczyński (born January 27 1949) is an Academy Award winning Polish filmmaker who has won numerous prestigious industry awards both in the United States and internationally. He was also a teacher of cinematography, electronic filmmaking. Cu
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Sněžka:
Śnieżka (Polish) or Sněžka (Czech) is the highest mountain in the Karkonosze/Krkonoše Mountains, part of the Sudetes mountain range, rising to above sea level. In German, it is known as Schneekoppe. It lies on the Polish-Czech border, and a border st
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Gołąbki:
Gołąbki are a form of cabbage rolls. They are a traditional Polish dish consisting of boiled cabbage leaves stuffed with ground beef, chopped onions, and rice or barley, baked in a spicy tomato sauce. Gołąbki is the plural of gołąbek, the diminutive
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