Canada ( ) is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest. The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various aboriginal people. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship. (more)
Type: place
Genres: sports, politics, entertainment, science, business, ice hockey
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Canadian Confederation:
Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the provinces, colonies and territories of British North America.
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Dominion:
A dominion, often Dominion, and referred to in the monarchs style as the British Dominions beyond the Seas, is a term that particularly referred to an autonomous polity under sovereign authority within the British Empire and British Commonwealth from
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Canadian French:
Canadian French is an umbrella term for the varieties of the French language used in Canada. French is the mother tongue of about 7 million Canadians (22% of the Canadian population, compared to 58% for English), and includes the following varieties:
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Aboriginal peoples in Canada:
Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian Aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, sections 25 and 35, respectively as Indians, Métis, and Inuit. As of the 2006 Canad
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Canadian English:
Canadian English (CanE, en-CA ) is the variety of North American English used in Canada. More than 26 million Canadians (85 percent of the population) have some knowledge of English (2006 census ). Approximately 17 million speak English as their nati
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Canada – United States border:
The Canada – United States border is the international border between Canada and the United States. Officially known as the International Boundary, it is the longest common border in the world, and is unmilitarized. The terrestrial boundary (includin
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Federation:
A federation (Latin: foedus, covenant) is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central ("federal") government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constituti
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Constitutional monarchy:
A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of constitutional government, wherein either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute monarchy, wherein the king or the queen is the sole source of politi
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Federalism:
Political federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignt
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British North America:
British North America consisted of the the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary War and the recognition of American independence. At the start of the Revolutionary War
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Territorial evolution of Canada:
This is a timeline of the territorial evolution of the borders of Canada, listing each change to the internal and external borders of the country. Canada became an independent nation in 1867 when three provinces of British North America united to for
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Canada Act 1982:
The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament that severed all remaining legislative dependence of Canada on the United Kingdom, in a process known as "patriation". It contains the text of the Constitution
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Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom:
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the queen regnant of 16 independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies. Though she holds each crown and title separately and equally, she is resident in and most direc
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Parliamentary system:
A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English), is a system of government in which the executive is dependent on the direct or indirect support of the legislature (often termed the parliament), ofte
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Seven Years' War:
The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) involved all of the major European powers of the period, causing 900,000 to 1,400,000 deaths. It enveloped both European and colonial theatres from 1756 to 1763, incorporating the Pomeranian War and the French and Ind
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New France:
New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to Spain and Britain in 1763. At its p
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Multiculturalism:
The term multiculturalism generally refers to a de facto state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a specified place, usually at the scale of an organization such as a school, business, neighbourhood, city or nation. S
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Developed country:
The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate. Countries not fitting this definition may be referred to as developing countr
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List of countries and outlying territories by total area:
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The list ranks sovereign states, as well as self-governing dependent territories. Total areas are included, covering land and inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Marine i
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Statute of Westminster 1931:
The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (22 & 23 Geo. V c. 4, December 11, 1931) which established a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and the United Ki
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British colonization of the Americas:
British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established thr
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French colonization of the Americas:
French colonization of the Americas began in the 16th century, and continued in the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere. France founded colonies in much of eastern North America, on a number of Caribb
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Canada–United States relations:
Canada – United States relations span more than two centuries, marked by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the U.S., and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the mo
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Ontario:
Ontario ( ) is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger but are not provinces.) Ontario is bordered by the provinces
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Quebec:
Quebec ( or /kəˈbɛk/), in French, Québec ( ) is a province in the central part of Canada. Quebec is located in the Eastern half of Canada, but is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada It is the only Canadian province wi
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Toronto:
Toronto ( , colloquially pronounced [ˈtrɑnoʊ] or [təˈɹɑnoʊ]) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth-most populo
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Alberta:
Alberta ( ) is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1, 1905. Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, Northwest Territories to the nor
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Saskatchewan:
Saskatchewan ( , ) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588,276.09 square kilometres (227,134.67 sq mi) and a population of 1,010,146 (according to 2008 estimates), mostly living in the southern half of the province. Of these, 202,34
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Manitoba:
} Manitoba (English ; French /manitoba/) is a province of Canada, with a population of 1,196,291 (2008). It was officially recognized by the Federal Government in 1870 as separate from the Northwest Territories, and became the first province created
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Vancouver:
Vancouver ( ) is a coastal city and major seaport located in the Lower Mainland of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is bounded by the Strait of Georgia, the Fraser River, and the Coast Mountains. Vancouver is named after Captain George Vanco
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New Brunswick:
New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province (French and English) in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton. Statistics Canada estimates the p
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British Columbia:
British Columbia ( ) (BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Sunset (Diminishment)"). It was the s
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Ice hockey:
Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey in Canada, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Sweden and the United States, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficien
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Quebec City:
Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) ( or /keˈbɛk/) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region. It is the second largest city in the province, after Montreal. Quebec City i
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Nova Scotia:
Nova Scotia ( ) (Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh; Nouvelle-Écosse) is a Canadian province located on Canada's southeastern coast. It is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. Its capital, Halifax, is a major economic centre of the region.
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Yukon:
Yukon ( ) is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. It was named after the Yukon River, Yukon meaning "Great River" in Gwich’in. The name Yukon Territory may also be used, although this usage is disputed by residents of the terri
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English language:
English is an Indo-European, West Germanic language originating in England, and is the first language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the Anglophone Caribbean. It is used extensiv
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Conservative Party of Canada:
The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the "Tories," is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada i
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Nunavut:
Nunavut ( ) (Inuktitut syllabics: ) is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1 1999 via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries
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Windsor, Ontario:
Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Windsor is located southeast of Detroit and is separated from that city by the Detroit River. The city has views of the Detr
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Newfoundland and Labrador:
Newfoundland and Labrador ( ) (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation. Geographically, the province consists of the island of Newfoundland and the mainland Labrador, on Canada's Atlantic coast
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Electoral district (Canada):
An electoral district (also known as a constituency or a riding in the Canadian English political jargon) is a geographically-based constituency upon which Canada's representative democracy is based. It is officially known in Canadian French as a cir
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Progressive Conservative Party of Canada:
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) (1867–2003) was a Canadian political party with a centre-right stance on economic issues and a centrist stance on social issues. The party was forme
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Northwest Territories:
The Northwest Territories ( ) (NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory of Canada. Located in northern Canada, it borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British
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1976 Summer Olympics:
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1976 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. These are the summer Olympic Games organized by the International Olympic C
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Upper Canada:
The Province of Upper Canada was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario in Canada. Upper Canada officially existed from 1791 to 1841 and generally comprised present-day Southern Ontario and, until 1797
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Canadian Football League:
The Canadian Football League (CFL) (Ligue canadienne de football (LCF) in French), is a professional sports league located in Canada that plays Canadian football. Its eight teams, located in eight cities, are divided into two divisions of four teams
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Inuit:
Inuit (plural: the singular, Inuk, means "man" or "person") is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Alaska, Greenland, and Canada. Until fairly recent times, there has been a remarkable
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First Nations:
First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people. First Nations are concentrated in Ontario and British Columbia but communities live across most of the other provinces.
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Canadian Forces:
The Canadian Forces (CF) (French: Forces canadiennes [FC]) are the unified armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Servic
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Canada 2006 Census:
The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16 2006. The next census following will be the 2011 Census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897.
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Canadian Pacific Railway:
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR; AAR reporting marks CP, CPAA, CPI), known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. Its rail network stretches from Vancouver to Montreal, and also
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Canadian football:
Canadian football is a form of gridiron football played chiefly in Canada in which two teams of twelve players each compete for territorial control of a field of play 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (100 m × 60 m), Table of exact conversions attempt
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Royal Canadian Mounted Police:
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) (French: Gendarmerie Royale du Canada [GRC], literally Royal Gendarmerie of Canada; colloquially known as Mounties, and internally as The Force) is the federal, national, and paramilitary police force of Canad
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation:
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the country’s national public radio and television broadcaster. In French, it is called la Société Radio-Canada (Radio-Canada or SRC). The umbrella corporate brand is CBC/R
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Prime Minister of Canada:
The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada. The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written por
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Parti Québécois:
The Parti Québécois [PQ] is a sovereignist (the word commonly used in Quebec for separatist) political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and secession from Canada, as well as social democratic policies and
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1988 Winter Olympics:
The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and opened by the 45th Governor General of Canada: Jeanne Sauvé. 1988 was the last year that t
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Canadian federal election, 2006:
The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally, the 39th General Election) was held on January 23, 2006, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 39th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative Party of Canada won a plurality of seats:
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Bloc Québécois:
The Bloc Québécois (BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. As such, it contests elections only in constituencies in Quebec. It holds as its goal the "defence of the intere
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Premier (Canada):
In Canada, a premier is the head of government of a province or territory. There are currently ten provincial premiers and three territorial premiers in Canada. Premiers and government leaders of territories are styled "The Honourable" only while in
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Green Party of Canada:
The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. With around 9,000 registered members as of November 2007, the Greens are the largest federal party in Canada without representation in Parliament. The Greens, as their n
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Statistics Canada:
Statistics Canada (French: Statistique Canada) is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. The bureau is commonly cal
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Canadian Alliance:
The Canadian Alliance (in French Alliance Canadienne), formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (or in French Alliance réformiste-conservateur Canadienne), was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. The part
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Reform Party of Canada:
The Reform Party of Canada (Parti réformiste du Canada) was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. It was originally founded as a Western Canada-based protest party, but attempted to expand eastward in the 1990s. It viewed
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Co-operative Commonwealth Federation:
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) (French: Fédération du commonwealth coopératif, then Parti social démocratique du Canada) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative
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Whistler, British Columbia:
Whistler, British Columbia, is a Canadian resort town in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, approximately 125 km north of Vancouver. Incorporated as a resort municipality, Whistler has a permanent population of approximately 9,965. Over two m
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Eskimo:
Eskimos or esquimaux are indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, and all of Greenland.
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Governor General of Canada:
The Governor General of Canada (French [feminine]: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or [masculine]: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian monarch, who is the head of state. Canada is one of sixteen Co
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William Lyon Mackenzie King:
William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921, to June 28, 1926; September 25, 1926, to August 6, 1930; and October 23, 1935, to November 15, 1948. With over 21
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Western Canada:
Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province of Ontario. From west to east, this comprises four provinces: * British Columbia * Alberta * Saskatchewan * Manitoba T
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John A. Macdonald:
Sir John Alexander Macdonald GCB, KCMG, PC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada and the dominant figure of Canadian Confederation. Macdonald's tenure in office spanned 19 years, making him the second longest servin
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Hudson Bay:
Hudson Bay (French: baie d'Hudson) is a large (1.23 million km²), relatively shallow body of water in northeastern Canada. It drains a very large area that includes parts of Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Alberta, most of Manitoba, parts of North Dak
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Inuktitut:
Inuktitut (Inuktitut syllabics: (fonts required), literally "like the Inuit") is the name of the varieties of Inuit language spoken in Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the tree line, including parts of the provinces of Newfoundland and La
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Atlantic Canada:
Atlantic Canada, also known as the Atlantic provinces, is the region of Canada comprising four provinces located on the Atlantic coast: the three Maritime provinces – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island – and Newfoundland and Labrado
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Medicare (Canada):
The term medicare (in lowercase) (French: assurance maladie) is the unofficial name for Canada's universal publicly funded health insurance system. The formal terminology for the insurance system is provided by the Canada Health Act and the health in
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North American Free Trade Agreement:
The North American Free Trade Agreement (Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte [TLCAN], Accord de libre-échange nord-américain [ALENA]) is a trilateral trade bloc in North America created by the governments of the United States, Canada, and
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Québécois:
A Québécois or Quebecois ( ), or in the feminine Québécoise ([kebeˈkwɑːz]), is a native or resident of the Canadian province of Quebec, but usually refers in English to a French-speaking or native of the province. In English, Quebecer or Quebecker (
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Parliament of Canada:
The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada) is Canada's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. According to Section 17 of the Constitution Act, 1867, parliament consists of three components: the sovereign, the Senate, a
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Constitution Act, 1867:
The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act), constitutes a major part of Canada's Constitution. The Act entails the original creation of a federal dominion and defines mu
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Lester B. Pearson:
Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson PC OM CC OBE (23 April, 1897 – 27 December, 1972) was a Canadian statesman, diplomat and politician who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. He was also the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada from April 22, 1963, until Apr
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Bay of Fundy:
The Bay of Fundy (Baie de Fundy) is a bay on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. The Ba
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2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup:
The 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the sixteenth edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup (formerly called FIFA World Youth Championship), hosted by Canada from June 30 to July 22, 2007. Argentina defeated Czech Republic in the title game by the score of 2–1
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Canadian Arctic Archipelago:
The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as just the Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago north of the Canadian mainland in the Arctic. Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about , this group of 36,563 islands comprise
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North American Aerospace Defense Command:
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is a joint organization of Canada and the United States that provides aerospace warning and defense for North America. It was founded on May 12, 1958, as the North American Air Defense Command. Its mai
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Monarchy of Canada:
The monarchy of Canada, also known as the Canadian monarchy, is a constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Canada, Forsey, Eugene; How Canadians Govern Themselves: The Institutions of Our
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Quebec sovereignty movement:
The Quebec sovereignty movement (Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood (sovereignty) or some degree of greater political autonomy for the Canadian province of Quebec. In practice, "
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Ellesmere Island:
Ellesmere Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Lying within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago it is considered part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, with Cape Columbia being the most northerly point of land in C
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Lieutenant-Governor (Canada):
In Canada, the Lieutenant-Governor (often without a hyphen , ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur (masculine) / lieutenant-gouverneure (feminine) (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarch's, or Crown's, representative in a province, much as the G
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2010 Winter Olympics:
The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games or the 21st Winter Olympics, will take place in 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games are being organized by the Vancouver Organiz
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Constitution of Canada:
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions. It outlines Canada's system of government, as well as the civil rights of all Canadian
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Franco-Ontarian:
Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. They are sometimes known as "Ontarois". According to the 2001 Canadian census, there were 485,630 francophones in Ontario (de
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Penny (Canadian coin):
In Canada, a penny is a coin worth one cent or of a dollar. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official national term of the coin is the "one-cent piece", but in practice the term penny or cent is universal. Penny was likely readily adopted be
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Lower Mainland:
The Lower Mainland is a name commonly applied to the region surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In 2007, 2,524,113 people live in the region; sixteen of the province's thirty most populous municipalities are located there. While the term
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Tommy Douglas:
Thomas Clement "Tommy" Douglas, PC, CC, SOM (October 20, 1904 - February 24, 1986) was a Scottish-born Baptist minister who became a prominent Canadian social democratic politician. As leader of the Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (
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Port Royal, Nova Scotia:
Port Royal is a small rural community in the western part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located on the north shore of the Annapolis Basin, a sub-basin of the Bay of Fundy, near the town of Annapolis Royal. Port Royal was the first pe
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Gaspé Peninsula:
The Gaspésie (official name) or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada. It extends into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and is separated from New Brunswick by th
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René Lévesque:
René Lévesque ( ) (August 24, 1922 - November 1, 1987) was a reporter, a minister of the government of Quebec, Canada (1960-1966), the founder of the Parti Québécois political party, and 23rd Premier of Quebec (November 25, 1976 - October 3, 1985). H
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Canada Day:
Canada Day (French: Fête du Canada), formerly Dominion Day, is Canada's national day, a federal statutory holiday, celebrating the anniversary of the July 1 1867 enactment of the British North America Act of 1867, which united Canada as a single coun
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Official Opposition (Canada):
In Canada Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition (French: L'Opposition Loyale de Sa Majesté), commonly known as the Official Opposition, is usually the largest parliamentary opposition party in the House of Commons or a provincial legislative assembly that i
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Colony of British Columbia:
The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony of British North America from 1858 until 1871. It was largely coterminous with the present day Canadian province of British Columbia. It was united in 1866 with the Colony of Vancouver Island to form
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Canola:
Canola is a type of edible oil derived from plants initially bred in Canada by Keith Downey and Baldur Stefansson in the 1970s . The oil is extracted from a group of cultivars of rapeseed variants from which low erucic acid rapeseed oil and low gluco
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Northern Canada:
Northern Canada is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. Similarly, the Far North (when contrasted to "the North") may refer to the Canadian Arctic: the portion of Canada north of the Arctic Circle. All o
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October Crisis:
The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist kidnappings of government officials by members of the Front de libération du Québec in the province of Quebec, Canada, in October 1970, which ultimately resulted in a brief
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Ukrainian Canadian:
A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. In 2006 there were an estimated 1,209,085 persons residing in Canada (mainly Canadian citizens) of Ukrainian origin, making them Canada's ninth l
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Great Slave Lake:
Great Slave Lake (French: Grand lac des Esclaves) is the second-largest lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada (behind Great Bear Lake), the deepest lake in North America at 614 m (2,015 ft), and the ninth-largest lake in the world. It is 480 km
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Quebec referendum, 1995:
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should secede from Canada and become an independent state, through the question "Do you agree that Québec should become sovereign aft
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Front de libération du Québec:
The Front de libération du Québec (Québec Liberation Front), commonly known as the FLQ, and sometimes referred to as Front de libération Québécois was a Marxist revolutionary group in Canada responsible for more than 200 bombings largely directed at
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Quiet Revolution:
The Quiet Revolution (French: Révolution tranquille) was the 1960s period of intense change in Quebec, Canada, characterized by the rapid and effective secularization of society, the creation of a welfare state (État-providence) and a re-alignment of
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Quebec nationalism:
Quebec nationalism is a contemporary nationalist movement in Canada similar to what is found in other multi-ethnic and multi-lingual regions of the world. This article aims at presenting a historical overview of the evolution of Quebec nationalism fr
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Chinese Canadian:
Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest visible minority group in Canada, standing at 1,346,510 which comprises 4.3% of the population in 2006. " Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Resp
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Golden Horseshoe:
The Golden Horseshoe is a densely populated and industrialized region or urban agglomeration centred around the west end of Lake Ontario in Southern Ontario, Canada with outer boundaries stretching to Lake Erie to the south and Georgian Bay on the no
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Eastern Canada:
Eastern Canada (also the Eastern provinces) is generally considered to be the region of Canada east of Manitoba, consisting of the following provinces: * Ontario * Quebec * New Brunswick * Nova Scotia * Prince Edward Island * Newfoundland and Labrado
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Jean Lesage:
Jean Lesage, PC, CC, CD (June 10, 1912 - December 12, 1980) was a lawyer and politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Premier of Quebec from July 22, 1960, to August 16, 1966. While others like Georges-Émile Lapalme, René Lévesque and the Québécois
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Charter of the French Language:
The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101 and Loi 101) is a law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the only official language of Quebec and framing fundamental lang
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Coat of arms of Canada:
The Coat of Arms of Canada (also known as the Royal Arms of Canada or, more properly, the Arms of His/Her Majesty in Right of Canada) Royal Heraldry Society of Canada: The Coat of Arms is, since 1921, the official coat of arms of Canada and of the Ca
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Italian Canadians:
An Italian Canadian is a Canadian of Italian descent or heritage. As of the 2006 census, 1,445,335 Canadians (4.6% of total population) consider themselves to be of Italian origin, as well as 4,360 (0.01% of the total population) who considered thems
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Rebellions of 1837:
The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict. A key shared goal was the allowance of responsible government.
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Athabasca Oil Sands:
The Athabasca Oil Sands are a large deposit of oil-rich bitumen, or extremely heavy crude oil, located in northern Alberta, Canada. These oil sands consist of a mixture of crude bitumen (a semi-solid form of crude oil), silica sand, clay minerals, an
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English Canadian:
An English Canadian is a Canadian whose principal language is English or who is of English ancestry; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadian. Canada is an officially bilingual and multicultural country, with French and English official
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Patriation:
Patriation is a non-legal term, particularly used in Canada, to describe a process of constitutional change also known as "bringing home" the constitution. The term is based upon the word repatriation, since critics of the use of the word "repatriati
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Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement:
The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was a trade agreement signed by Canada and the United States on January 2, 1988. The agreement, finalized by October 1987, removed several trade restrictions in stages over a ten year period, and resulted in a great inc
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Beverley McLachlin:
Beverley McLachlin, PC (born September 7, 1943) is the Chief Justice of Canada, the first woman to hold that position.
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Scottish Canadian:
Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and among the first to settle in Canada, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to
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Michaëlle Jean:
Michaëlle Jean, CC CMM COM CD [mi.ka.ɛl ʒɑ̃], (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti) is the current Governor General of Canada. Jean was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Paul Martin, to succeed Adri
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L'Anse aux Meadows:
L'Anse aux Meadows (from the French L'Anse-aux-Méduses or "Jellyfish Cove") is an archaeological site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, located in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Norse vi
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Quebec referendum, 1980:
The 1980 Quebec referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. The referendum was called by Quebec's Parti Québécois (PQ) government, which strongly favou
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Office of the Prime Minister (Canada):
In Canada, the Office of the Prime Minister is one of the most powerful parts of the government. It is made up of the Prime Minister and his top political staff. The offices of the Prime Minister's staffers are in the Langevin Block in Ottawa. The Of
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Quebec City-Windsor Corridor:
The 1,150-kilometre Quebec City-Windsor Corridor is the most densely-populated and heavily-industrialised region of Canada. With over 17 million people (2001 Census), it contained 56.8% of the Canadian population and three of the four largest metropo
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Clarity Act:
The Clarity Act (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) is legislation of Canada's federal parliament that established the conditions under which the Government of Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a v
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Central Canada:
Central Canada (sometimes the Central provinces) is a region consisting of Canada's two largest and most populous provinces: Ontario and Quebec. Central Canada, with the four Atlantic provinces, forms Eastern Canada. The term "Central Canada" is less
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Tadoussac, Quebec:
Tadoussac is a village of 857 inhabitants (2005) in Quebec, Canada. An important French trading post in the seventeenth century, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in Quebec, and the oldest surviving French settlement in the
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Report on the Affairs of British North America:
The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durham's Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada and the British Empire. The notable British Whig politician John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham,
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Immigration to Canada:
Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada and become nationals of the country. As Canada is a relatively new country, a formal immigration process has not been around for very long. Nevertheless, people have been migratin
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Conscription Crisis of 1944:
The Conscription Crisis of 1944 was a political and military crisis following the introduction of forced military service in Canada during World War II . It was similar to the Conscription Crisis of 1917, but was not as politically damaging.
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Donnacona:
Chief Donnacona (died c. 1539 in France) was the chief of Stadacona, a St. Lawrence Iroquoian village located at the present site of Quebec City, Canada. Donnacona and his people were fishing off the Gaspé peninsula when French explorer Jacques Carti
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The Canadas:
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, collectively referred to as the Canadas) were two British colonies in Canada. They were both created by the Constitutional Act of 1791 and abolished in 1841 with the union of Upper and Lower Canada. Their names reflecte
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National Policy:
The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party in 1879 after it returned to power. It had been an official policy, however, since 1876. It was based on high tariffs to protect the manufacturin
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Dominion Lands Act:
The Dominion Lands Act (short for An Act Respecting the Public Lands of the Dominion) was an 1872 Canadian law that aimed to encourage the settlement of Canada's prairie provinces. It was closely based on the United States Homestead Act, setting the
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Calgary-Edmonton Corridor:
The Calgary-Edmonton Corridor is a geographical region of the Canadian province of Alberta. It is the most urbanized region in the province and one of the densest in Canada. It consists of Statistics Canada census divisions No. 11, No. 8, and No. 6.
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Canadian Red Ensign:
The Canadian Red Ensign is the former flag of Canada, used officially by the federal government though it was never adopted as official by the Parliament of Canada. It is a British Red Ensign, featuring the Union Flag in the canton, defaced with the
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South Nahanni River:
The South Nahanni River is the centrepiece of Nahanni National Park Reserve, located roughly 500 kilometres west of Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It flows from the Selwyn Mountains in the west, growing as it heads east over the
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National symbols of Canada:
National symbols of Canada are the symbols that are used in Canada and abroad to represent the country and its people. Prominently, the use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates back to the early 18th century, and is depicted on its current an
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St. Lawrence Iroquoians:
The St. Lawrence Iroquoians lived, until the late 16th century, along the shores of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, and in New York State, United States. What little is known of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians is found in the writin
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Economic impact of immigration to Canada:
250px|thumb|right|Immigration and Births in Canada from 1850 to 2000 Statistics Canada – immigration from 1851 to 2001 The economic impact of immigration is an important topic in Canada. Throughout its history Canada has depended on a large stream of
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Sport in Canada:
A wide variety of sports are practiced in Canada. Ice hockey, referred to as simply hockey in the country, is Canada's official winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. Lacrosse, a sp
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Virginia Falls (Northwest Territories):
Virginia Falls is a waterfall in Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories, Canada. It has a total drop of 96 meters (326 feet), making it about twice the height of Niagara Falls. The rock in the center of the falls is called Mason's Rock,
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Saint Lawrence Lowlands:
The St. Lawrence Lowlands is an ecoregion of the Mixedwood Plains, a physiographic region of Canada and the United States. It is sometimes named the "Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Lowlands", but it does not properly include the whole of the Great Lakes Ba
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Fixed election dates in Canada:
Historically, the Canadian prime minister has the power to request a general election at will, as is traditional in Westminster-style parliamentary governments. However, some Canadian jurisdictions have passed legislation requiring fixed election dat
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Legislative Assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories:
This is a list of the Legislative Assemblies of Canada's provinces and territories. *Governing parties are shown by shading. * 1 "Provincial parties" are parties that use the provinces name followed by "Party" or something similar. These include the
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Canada in the Cold War:
Canada played a middle power, and an occasionally important, role in the Cold War. Throughout the US/Soviet rivalry, Canada was normally on the side of the United States and the West. However opposition to the Vietnam War and Canada's relationship wi
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Military history of Canada during the Second World War:
The military history of Canada during the Second World War began with a declaration of war on Germany on September 10, 1939 and encompassed major campaigns in Italy and Northern Europe. Canada was active in defending the shipping lanes in the North A
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National Hockey League:
The National Hockey League (NHL) is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American major professional sports league
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Montreal:
Montreal, or Montréal in French, ( in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-largest city in Canada. Montreal was the largest city in Canada up until the 1970s, when it was eclipsed in size and impor
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French language:
French (français, ) is today spoken around the world by 72 to 130 million people as a native language, and by about 190 to 600 million people as a second or third language, with significant speakers in 54 countries. Most native speakers of the langua
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French Canadian:
French Canadian (Canadien or Canadien français in French) refers to a nation or ethnic group that originated in Canada during the period of French colonization in the 17th century. They constitute the main French-speaking population of Canada. It may
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Newfoundland (island):
Newfoundland — (Terre-Neuve, Talamh an Éisc) is a large island 15 km off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The island of Newfoundland (originally called Terra Nova, "New
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Arctic:
The Arctic is the region around the Earth's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. The Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean (which overlies the North Pole) and parts of Canada, Greenland (a territory of Denmark), Russia, the Uni
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New Democratic Party:
{{#if: | }} {{#if: | }} The New Democratic Party (Nouveau Parti démocratique) is a political party in Canada with a progressive social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. In the Canadian House of C
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Prince Edward Island:
Prince Edward Island ( ) (PEI or P.E.I.; French: Île-du-Prince-Édouard; Scottish Gaelic: Eilean a’ Phrionnsa (lit. "the Island of the Prince") or Eilean Eòin (lit. "John's Island" in reference to the island's former name of St. John's Island); Míkmaq
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Canadian House of Commons:
The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 me
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Plurality voting system:
The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies. The most common system, used in Canada, India, the UK, a
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Common law:
Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals, rather than through legislative statutes or executive action. The common law is created and refined by judges: a decision in the
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Lower Canada:
The Province of Lower Canada (French: Province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791-1841). It covered the southern portion of the modern-day Province of Quebec, Canad
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War in Afghanistan (2001–present):
The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7, 2001, was launched by the United States and the United Kingdom in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. It was the beginning of the War on Terror. The stated purpose of the invasion was to captu
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Francophone:
The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person. In a narrow
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Rocky Mountains:
The Rocky Mountains (Hoˀhonáaˀe tse-amoˀėstse "Rock on the Horizon" in Cheyenne), often called the Rockies, are a broad mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than 4,800 kilometers (3,000 miles) from northernmost Br
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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (also known as The Charter of Rights and Freedoms or simply the Charter) is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the Constitution Act, 1982. The Charter guar
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Welfare (financial aid):
:For the means-tested benefit in the United Kingdom, see Income Support. Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments. Some welfare is general, while specific and can only be invoked under certain circumstances, such as a scholarship
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Wilfrid Laurier:
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier (November 20, 1841 - February 17, 1919) was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from July 11, 1896, to October 5, 1911. Canada's first francophone prime minister, Laurier is o
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Invasion of Normandy:
The Invasion of Normandy was the invasion and establishment of Allied forces in Normandy, France during Operation Overlord in World War II. It covers from the initial landings on June 6, 1944 until the Allied breakout in mid-July. It was the largest
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Cape Breton Island:
Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton - formerly île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the European word "Bre
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Métis people (Canada):
The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway, Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, and are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada, along with the First Nations (Indians) and Inuit (Eskimo). Commonly "
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United Empire Loyalist:
The name United Empire Loyalists is a honorific name which has been given after the fact to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other British Colonies as an act of fealty to King George III after the British defeat in
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Canada, New France:
Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched along the St. Lawrence River; the other colonies of New France were Acadia, Louisiana and Newfoundland. Canada, the most developed colony of New France, was divided in three districts named
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Province of Canada:
The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867. Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham in the Report on the Affairs of British North America fo
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Canadian Shield:
The Canadian Shield — also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French) — is a large geological shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American or Laurentia craton. It has a deep, common
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Mackenzie River:
The Mackenzie River (Fleuve Mackenzie) originates in Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, and flows north into the Arctic Ocean. It is the longest river in Canada at 1,738 km and, together with its headstreams the Peace and the Finlay, the
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Canadian Forces Maritime Command:
Canadian Forces Maritime Command (MARCOM) is the naval command of the Canadian Forces, and as such, it is also the senior command of the Canadian Forces, following the tradition that comes from the Royal Navy. MARCOM is the descendant of the Royal Ca
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Canadian Forces Air Command:
Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) is the air force element of the Canadian Forces. AIRCOM is the descendant of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), which was Canada's air force from its foundation in 1924 until February 1, 1968. Prior to 1924, Can
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Canadian federalism:
Canadian federalism is one of the three pillars of the constitutional order, along with responsible government and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It means that Canada has two distinct jurisdictions of political authority: on the one han
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Pacific Rim:
The Pacific Rim refers to the countries and cities located around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. There are many economic centers around the Pacific Rim, such as Auckland, Busan, Brisbane, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Lima, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbou
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Dieppe Raid:
The Dieppe Raid, also known as The Battle of Dieppe or Operation Jubilee, during the Second World War, was an Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, Seine-Inférieure on the Northern coast of France on 19 August 1942. Over 6,000 infantry
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Multilateralism:
Multilateralism is a term in international relations that refers to multiple countries working in concert on a given issue. Most international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization, OSCE are multilateral in nature
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Culture of the United States:
The development of the culture of the United States of America—music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry, cuisine and the visual arts—has been marked by a tension between two strong sources of inspiration: European sophistication and dom
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G8:
The Group of Eight (G8) is an international forum for the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union (but the EU does not have the right to host or chair a meeting). The
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Rupert's Land:
Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land", was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that was de facto owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years. The area once known as Rupert's Lan
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Continental climate:
Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas (chiefly in North
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Flag of Canada:
The National Flag of Canada, also known as the Maple Leaf, and l'Unifolié (French for "the one-leafed"), is a red flag with a white square in its centre, featuring a stylized 11-pointed red maple leaf. Its adoption in 1965 marked the first time a nat
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Legislative Assembly of Nunavut:
The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is located in Iqaluit, and is the territory's parliament. The Assembly was opened by Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, on October 7, 2002, during her Golden Jubilee tour of Canada. In her speech the Queen sta
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René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle:
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle (November 22, 1643 - March 19, 1687) was a French explorer. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle clai
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Nisga'a:
The Nisg̱a'a (nisqaʔa), often formerly spelled Nishga, are an Indigenous nation or First Nations in Canada. They live in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. Their name means "People of the Nass (River)". Nisg̱a'a society is organi
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French and Indian Wars:
The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts in North America that represented the actions there that accompanied the European dynastic wars. In Quebec, the wars are generally referred to as the Intercoloni
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Canada Pension Plan:
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) is a contributory, earnings-related social insurance program. It forms one of the two major components of Canada's public retirement income system, the other component being Old Age Security (OAS). Other parts of Canada'
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Oregon boundary dispute:
The Oregon boundary dispute (or Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. The British knew the region as the Columbia District, a fur-t
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Great Northern Diver:
The Great Northern Diver, known in North America as the Common Loon (Gavia immer [GAY-vee-ah IM-mer]), is a large member of the loon, or diver, family. Adults can range from 61-100 cm (24-40 inches) in length with a 122-152 cm (4-5-foot) wingspan, sl
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49th parallel north:
The 49th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 49 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. The parallel forms part of the United States-Canadian Border from British Columbia to Manitoba on the Canadian side and from Washington to Minne
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North-Western Territory:
The North-Western Territory at its greatest extent, 1859 The North-Western Territory was a region of British North America until 1870. Named for where it lay in relation to Rupert's Land, the territory at its greatest extent covered what is now Yukon
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Reference re Secession of Quebec:
Reference re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217 was an opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the legality, under both Canadian and international law, of a unilateral secession of Quebec from Canada. Both the Quebec government and the
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Health care in Canada:
Health care in Canada is funded and delivered through a publicly funded health care system, with most services provided by private entities. Public vs. private health care. CBC, December 1, 2006. While the Canadian government calls it a "public syst
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Territorial claims in the Arctic:
Under international law, no country currently owns the North Pole or the region of the Arctic Ocean surrounding it. The five surrounding Arctic states, Russia, the United States (via Alaska), Canada, Norway and Denmark (via Greenland), are limited to
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