The Scottish Labour Party is the part of the British Labour Party which operates in Scotland. It is a unionist party and until recently has been the largest and most successful political party in modern Scottish politics, having won the largest share of the vote in Scotland at every UK general election, Scottish Parliament general election and European Parliament general election since being defeated at the 1979 European Parliament election, until coming in second place to the SNP in the Scottish Parliament general election in 2007.

The Scottish Labour Party is the second largest party in the Scottish Parliament, with 46 out of 129 seats, 39 of 59 Scottish seats in the UK Parliament, and 2 of 7 Scottish seats in the European Parliament.

In March 2006 the Scottish Labour Party membership had fallen to 18,800 members, down from a peak of approximately 30,000 in the run-up to the 1997 UK general election. The total annual income of the party in 2005, as registered with the Electoral Commission, was £523,523 (up from £318,609 in 2004), with assets of £169,502.

John McTernan, the Director of Political Operations at 10 Downing Street, was seconded to the Scottish Labour Party to run its campaign for the Scottish Parliament general election on 3 May, 2007.