Robert Brown (December 21, 1773-June 10, 1858) is acknowledged as the leading botanist to collect in Australia during the first half of the 19th century.
Brown was born in Montrose, Scotland on 21 December 1773. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he was a classmate of Thomas Dick. He joined the Fencibles regiment of the army as a surgeon in 1795. In December 1800 he accepted an offer of the position of naturalist on board the The Investigator under Matthew Flinders, which was about to depart on its historic voyage to chart the coast of Australia. The Investigator arrived in King George Sound in what is now Western Australia in December 1801. For three and a half years Brown did intensive botanic research in Australia, collecting about 3400 species, of which about 2000 were previously unknown. A large part of this collection was lost, however, when the Porpoise was wrecked en route to England.
Brown remained in Australia until May 1805. He then returned to England where he spent the next five years working on the material he had gathered. He published numerous species descriptions; in Western Australia alone he is the author of nearly 1200 species. In 1810, he published the results of his collecting in his famous Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, the first systematic account of the Australian flora. That year, he succeeded Jonas C. Dryander as Sir Joseph Banks' librarian, and on Banks' death in 1820 inherited his library and herbarium. This was transferred to the British Museum in 1827, and Brown was appointed Keeper of the Banksian Botanical Collection.
In 1827, while examining pollen grains and the spores of mosses and Equisetum suspended in water under a microscope, Brown observed minute particles within vacuoles in the pollen grains executing a continuous jittery motion. He then observed the same motion in particles of dust, enabling him to rule out the hypothesis that the motion was due to pollen being alive. Although he himself did not provide a theory to explain the motion and Jan Ingenhousz had described it using charcoal particles in German and French publications of 1784 and 1785 , the phenomenon is now known as Brownian motion in his honour.
In recent years it was generally held that Brown's microscopes were insufficient to reveal phenomena of this order. Brown's re-discoveries were denied in a brief paper in Scientific American vol 265 p 20 (1991) entitled "Did Robert Brown observe Brownian Motion: probably not". Shortly thereafter, in a hastily-compiled illustrated presentation, British microscopist Brian J. Ford presented to Inter Micro 1991 in Chicago a reprise of the demonstration. His video sequences substantiated the observations of Brown and were subsequently published in The Microscope vol 39 pp 161-171 (1991).
In a paper read to the Linnean society in 1831 and published in 1833, Brown named the cell nucleus. The nucleus had been observed before, perhaps as early as 1682 by the Dutch microscopist Leeuwenhoek, and Franz Bauer had noted and drawn it as a regular feature of plant cells in 1802, but it was Brown who gave it the name it bears to this day (while giving credit to Bauer's drawings). Neither Bauer nor Brown thought the nucleus to be universal, and Brown thought it to be primarily confined to Monocotyledons.
After the division of the Natural History Department of the British Museum into three sections in 1837, Robert Brown became the first Keeper of the Botanical Department, remaining so until his death at Soho Square in London on June 10 1858. He was succeeded by John Joseph Bennett.
Brown is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.
Brown's name is commemorated in the Australia herb genus Brunonia, as well as numerous Australian species such as Eucalyptus brownii.
Robert E. Brown (born December 25, 1947, Newcastle-upon-Tyne) is a Liberal Democrat politician, Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Region.
A graduate of University of Aberdeen, he was Depute Procurator Fiscal of Dumbarton 1972-1974 and has since been a partner & consultant with a Glasgow firm of solicitors. He was a Glasgow City Councillor (Liberal) for a few years in the 1970s and 1980s, and has been Convener of the Scottish Liberal Democrat Policy Committee since the early 1990s. He was first elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999.
Following Nicol Stephen's election as party leader and succession as Deputy First Minister of Scotland in 2005, Brown was appointed Deputy Minister for Education and Young People in the Scottish Executive.
Robert Crofton Brown (May 16, 1921-3 September 1996) was an English Labour politician.
Brown was a district gas inspector with the Northern Gas Board and a branch secretary of the National Union of General and Municipal Workers. He was secretary of his Constituency Labour Party and a councillor on Newcastle Borough Council.
Brown was elected Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne West in 1966, then for Newcastle upon Tyne North from 1983, retiring in 1987.
Robert James Brown (July 23, 1921 - November 11, 2003) was an English actor known for his portrayal of M in the James Bond movies, succeeding Bernard Lee, who died in 1981.
Brown was born and died in Swanage, Dorset, England. Before appearing in the Bond films, he had a long career as a bit-part actor in films and television. Two of his most notable parts were as the galley-master in Ben-Hur (1959) and as factory worker Bert Harker in the BBC's 1960s soap opera, The Newcomers.
Technically, Brown first started in the James Bond franchise in the film The Spy Who Loved Me as Admiral Hargreaves. After Lee's sudden death in 1981, the producers, instead of hiring a replacement, decided to leave M out of For Your Eyes Only out of respect for the actor and trade his lines with M's Chief of Staff Bill Tanner. In 1983, they cast Brown to portray M. It is not clear as to whether he was the same character as Lee's M or a different M, perhaps a promoted Hargreaves. He would later be succeeded by Judi Dench in the film GoldenEye (1995).
Robert Brown (November 17, 1927), is a television actor from the 1960s and 1970s.
Brown was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He guest starred on numerous television programs but is most famous for his starring role as Jason Bolt in the 1968-1970 television series Here Come the Brides. He also starred as Carter Primus in the 1971-1972 syndicated sea adventure series Primus. Star Trek fans know Brown from his portrayal of the character Lazarus on the Star Trek episode The Alternative Factor. His only feature film credit is the 1962 film Tower of London. He was a close friend of Carroll O'Connor and appeared in a 1979 episode of O'Connor's series Archie Bunker's Place and a 1994 episode of In the Heat of the Night. Currently, Brown does voiceover work for radio and television. He is also a writer working on short stories and a novel.
Robert Brown (December 25, 1744 - February 26, 1823) was a United States Representative from Pennsylvania. Born in Weaversville, Pennsylvania, he attended the common schools and was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade. At the beginning of the American Revolutionary War he was commissioned first lieutenant in the Pennsylvania "Flying Camp" on September 10, 1776; he was captured at the surrender of Fort Washington on November 16, 1776, and worked at the blacksmith trade while a prisoner. He was later put aboard the prison ship Judith and was subsequently imprisoned in New York City's Old City Hall. He was paroled on board ship December 10, 1777.
Brown was a member of the Pennsylvania Senate from 1783 to 1787, and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Sitgreaves. He was reelected to the Sixth and to the seven succeeding Congresses and served from December 4, 1798 to March 3, 1815. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1814, and retired from public life and lived on his farm. In 1823 he died near Weaversville; interment was in East Allen Presbyterian Churchyard.
Robert Brown, (1842 - 26 October 1895), was a Scottish scientist, explorer, and author.
He was born in Campster, Caithness, and studied in the universities of Edinburgh, Leyden, Copenhagen, and Rostock. He took the habit of referring to his home town, Campster (Campsterianus) to distinguish himself from his famous contemporary homonym: Robert Brown of Montrose. He visited Spitsbergen, Greenland, and the western shore of Baffin's Bay (1861), and subsequently carried on scientific investigations among the islands of the Pacific and on the Venezuelan, Alaskan, and Bering shores, making charts of all the unknown interior of Vancouver Island and writing much on the fauna and flora of those countries.
With E. Whymper, he attempted to penetrate the inland ice of Greenland in 1867, and made many discoveries concerning its nature which have since been confirmed by Peary. He afterward traveled in the Barbary States of North Africa, was a lecturer on geology, botany, and zoology in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and was a member of many learned societies in England, America, and on the Continent. He removed to London in 1876 and thereafter devoted himself entirely to literary work.
In addition to many scientific memoirs, and articles and reviews in various languages, his publications include:
Robert Brown (born May 21, 1960) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Green Bay Packers in an eleven year career that lasted from 1982 to 1992 in the National Football League. He ranks ninth in team history in sacks and played in more games than any Packer defensive lineman in the team's history.
Robert "Buck" Brown (born c1936 - died 2 July, 2007) was an African American painter and cartoonist best known for creating Playboy Magazine's "Granny" character.
Brown was born in Morrison, Tennessee in the 1930's and moved to Chicago as a child. He graduated from Englewood High School in 1954. He joined the United States Air Force and later studied at the University of Illinois.
Brown started to develop a reputation as a cartoonist and sold his first cartoon to Playboy in 1962. "Granny" was his first color work for the magazine published in 1966. In all, Brown had more than 600 cartoons published by the magazine. blank">Los Angeles Times, "Robert 'Buck' Brown, 71; cartoonist created 'Granny' in Playboy" July 12, 2007
Brown also had thousands of other drawings published by publications such as Esquire, _Ebony and Jet. Many of his cartoons were filled with commentary on civil rights issues affecting African Americans. Brown was also a painter of what he described as "soul genre paintings" depicting humorous images of everyday life.
Robert R. Brown is a former head coach of the New Mexico State (1923-1925) and University of North Carolina (1904) college football programs.
1 daughter Laurie (born 2/51) with Leila; 2 grandsons.
2 stepchildren, George & Kimyla with Anna.
Second child of William and Margaret Brown; older brother Harold.
His fellow classmates at the New School for Social Research's Dramatic Workshop included Walter Matthau, Harry Belafonte and Rod Steiger.
Served a stint in the Navy at the end of World War II.
Studied acting in New York City at both the New School for Social Research's Dramatic Workshop and the American Theater Wing.
He was born and died in Swanage, Dorset, where his father had been coxswain of the town's lifeboat. In 1992, a lifeboat was named "Robert Charles Brown" after his father.
He went went from playing Roger Moore (I)'s servant on "Ivanhoe" (1958) to becoming his superior in the Bond movies, starting with Octopussy (1983).
Studied acting in New York City at both the New School for Social Research's Dramatic Workshop and the American Theater Wing.
