Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Πέργαμος, ) was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, north-western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakırçay), that became an important kingdom during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281-133 BC. Today, the modern city of Bergama is located nearby.