A party congress is a general conference of a political party. The congress is attended by delegates who represent the party membership. In most parties the party congress is the highest decision making body of the organisation and elects the party's leadership bodies such as the National Executive Committee in the case of the British Labour Party or the Central Committee in the case of Communist parties. Party congresses are also responsible for making policy decisions for the party and deciding the party's general direction.

In the United Kingdom, the term party conference is used instead. In the United States and Canada, political convention is the preferred term.