Hot Modern Rock Tracks (originally called Modern Rock Tracks) is a music chart in the United States that has appeared in Billboard magazine since September 10 1988. It lists the forty most-played songs on modern rock radio, most of which are alternative rock songs. The chart was introduced as a companion to the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and its creation was prompted by the explosion of alternative music on American radio in the late 1980s.

The chart is solely based on radio airplay and is a component chart of the Hot 100. As of 2007, approximately eighty radio stations are electronically monitored 24 hours a day, seven days a week by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. Songs are ranked by a calculation of the total number of spins per week with its "audience impression", which is based upon exact times of airplay and each station's Arbitron listener data.

Many rock artists do not release commercial singles in the U.S. Several popular songs which were not released as commercial singles did not qualify for the Hot 100 before December 1998, but performed very well on Modern Rock Tracks.

During the first several years of Modern Rock Tracks, the chart featured music that did not receive commercial radio airplay anywhere but on Modern Rock radio stations, of which there were few. This included many electronic and post-punk artists. Gradually, as alternative rock became more "mainstream" (particularly spearheaded by the grunge explosion in the early 1990s), the Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock Tracks charts became more and more similar, both featuring a lot of the same songs. Today, the Modern Rock Tracks favors alternative rock, indie rock, and emo genres while the Mainstream Rock Tracks favors more hard rock and heavy metal.

The first number-one song on Modern Rock Tracks was "Peek-a-Boo" by Siouxsie & the Banshees. The current number-one song, for the issue dated March 22 2008, is "Long Road to Ruin" by Foo Fighters.