"Modern Girls & Old Fashion Men" is the B-side on "Reptilia", the second single lifted from Room on Fire, the second album of acclaimed American garage rock/post-punk band The Strokes. Julian Casablancas and Regina Spektor recorded the song while on tour in support of the album. Casablancas insisted on listing the credit as "Regina Spektor and the Strokes" though Spektor has stated that she did not actually contribute in the writing process. Spektor performed the duet with The Strokes at The Theater in Madison Square Garden on October 29th and 30th of 2003.

The song has been interpreted by many as being about a troubled relationship.