The Ministry of Plenty (in Newspeak, Miniplenty) is one of the ministries from George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four that governs Oceania. The other ministries are the Ministry of Truth, the Ministry of Peace and the Ministry of Love.

The Ministry of Plenty is in charge of Oceania's economy. It oversees public access to food, supplies, and goods. It is also in charge of rationing these goods. As told in Goldstein's book, the economy of Oceania is very important, and it's necessary to have the public continually create useless and synthetic supplies or weapons for use in the war, while they have no access to the means of production. This is the central theme of Oceania's idea that a poor, weak populace is easier to rule over than a wealthy, powerful populace. Telescreens often make reports on how Big Brother has been able to increase economic productivity, even when productivity has actually gone down (see Ministry of Truth).

The Ministry hands out statistics which are "nonsense". When Winston is adjusting some Ministry of Plenty's figures, he explains this:

This system of ludicrous quotas and falsified results is a reference to the quotas of the planned economy and other statistical falsifications (such as the 1937 Census) of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. Like the other ministries, the Ministry of Plenty does the opposite of its name, since it is in charge of maintaining poverty and financial shortages.