Black's Law Dictionary is the law dictionary for the law of the United States. It was founded by Henry Campbell Black. It has been cited as legal authority in many Supreme Court cases (see Secondary authority). The latest editions, including abridged and pocket versions, are useful starting points for the layman or student when faced with an unfamiliar legal word. It is the reference of choice for definitions in legal briefs and court opinions.
The first edition was published in 1891, and the second edition in 1910, long before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed in 1928. The sixth and earlier editions of the book also provided case citations for the term cited, which some lawyers view as its most useful feature, providing a useful starting point with leading cases. The Internet made legal research easier than it ever had been, so many state- or circuit-specific case citations and outdated or overruled case citations were dropped from the seventh edition in 1999. The eighth edition introduced a unique system of perpetually updated case citations and cross-references to legal encyclopedias.
Black's Law Dictionary has been used to create law dictionaries in other languages including Qānūnī, Angrezī-Urdu lug̲h̲at : Blaiks lāʼ dikshanarī se māk̲h̲ūz, published in Urdu by Islāmābād : Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zabān in 1992, and Farhang-i ḥuqūqī-i Bahman : Ingilīsī-Fārsī : bar asās-i published in Persian by Tihrān : Ganj-i Dānish in 1999.
Because many legal terms are derived from a Latin root word, the Dictionary gives a pronunciation guide for such terms. In addition, the applicable entries provide pronunciation transcriptions pursuant to those found among North American practitioners of law or medicine.
In physics, a black body is an object that absorbs all light that falls on it. No electromagnetic radiation passes through it and none is reflected. Because no light is reflected or transmitted, the object appears black when it is cold.
If the black body is hot, these properties make it an ideal source of thermal radiation. If a perfect black body at a certain temperature is surrounded by other objects in thermal equilibrium at the same temperature, it will on average emit exactly as much as it absorbs, at every wavelength. Since the absorption is easy to understand—every ray that hits the body is absorbed—the emission is just as easy to understand.
A black body at temperature T emits exactly the same wavelengths and intensities which would be present in an environment at equilibrium at temperature T, and which would be absorbed by the body. Since the radiation in such an environment has a spectrum that depends only on temperature, the temperature of the object is directly related to the wavelengths of the light that it emits. At room temperature, black bodies emit infrared light, but as the temperature increases past a few hundred degrees Celsius, black bodies start to emit at visible wavelengths, from red, through orange, yellow, and white before ending up at blue, beyond which the emission includes increasing amounts of ultraviolet.
The term "black body" was introduced by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860. The light emitted by a black body is called black-body radiation.
If a small window is opened into an oven, any light that enters the window has a very low probability of leaving without being absorbed. Conversely, the hole acts as a nearly ideal black-body radiator. This makes peepholes into furnaces good sources of blackbody radiation, and some people call it cavity radiation for this reason.
Black-body emission gives insight into the thermal equilibrium state of a continuous field. In classical physics, each different Fourier mode in thermal equilibrium should have the same energy, leading to the nonsense prediction that there would be an infinite amount of energy in any continuous field. Black bodies could test the properties of thermal equilibrium because they emit radiation which is distributed thermally. Studying the laws of the black body historically led to quantum mechanics.
Lewis Niles Black (born August 30 1948) is a Grammy Award-winning American stand-up comedian, author, playwright, and actor. He is known for his comedy style which often simulates a mental breakdown or rant, ridiculing history, politics, religion, trends, and cultural phenomena. He makes regular appearances on Comedy Central's The Daily Show delivering his “Back in Black” commentary segment. He lives in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and has an apartment in Manhattan.
"Black" is a track on Pearl Jam's debut album, Ten. The song is a soliloquy by a broken-hearted man, who is remembering his absent lover. The song features lyrics written by frontman Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard.
The song originated as an instrumental demo under the name "E Ballad" that was written by guitarist Stone Gossard in 1990. It was one of five songs compiled onto a tape called Stone Gossard Demos '91 that was circulated in the hopes of finding a singer and drummer for Pearl Jam. Pearlman, Nina. "Black Days". Guitar World. December 2002.
"Black" became one of Pearl Jam's best known songs and is a central emotional piece on the album Ten. Despite pressure from their record company, the band refused to make it into a single, feeling that it was too personal and the feeling of it would be lost by a video or a single release. Frontman Eddie Vedder stated that "fragile songs get crushed by the business. I don't want to be a part of it. I don't think the band wants to be part of it." In spite of this, the song charted at number 3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in 1993. The song was included on Pearl Jam's greatest hits album, Rearviewmirror: Greatest Hits 1991-2003.
Guitarist Mike McCready on the song's lead guitar work:
Live performances of "Black" can be found on the "Dissident"/Live in Atlanta box set and the live albums Live on Two Legs, Live at Benaroya Hall, and Live at the Gorge 05/06. A performance of the song is also included on the DVD Live at the Garden.
The term Black Sun (German Schwarze Sonne), also referred to as the Sonnenrad (the German for "Sun Wheel"), is a symbol of esoteric or occult significance, notable for its usage in Nazi mysticism. Today, it may also be used in occult currents of Germanic neopaganism, and in Irminenschaft or Armanenschaft-inspired esotericism.
Harry Ralston "Bud" Black (born June 30 1957 in San Mateo, California) is a former left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, and the current manager of the San Diego Padres. He had a 15-year MLB career, playing for the Seattle Mariners, San Francisco Giants, Cleveland Indians, Toronto Blue Jays, and Kansas City Royals.
Black was born to Canadian parents in Southern California during the 1950's. He has a wife, Nanette and two daughters. His older daughter presently attends college and plays while his younger is a freshman in high school and accomplished gymnast . Black has long been considered ready to take on a managerial position in the major leagues, but previously resisted approaches due to family considerations. In October 2006, Brian Sabean, general manager of the Giants, blank">interviewed Black for the Giants' vacant managerial position. After the position went to Padres skipper _Bruce Bochy, Black became a candidate for the Padres job, and was officially hired on November 8, 2006. Black was a member of the Kansas City Royals team that won the 1985 World Series. As a pitching coach, Black won a World Series ring while with the Anaheim Angels in 2002 against the Giants.
Black was the starting pitcher for the Royals during the famous George Brett pine tar incident.
