A condiment is a prepared edible substance or mixture, often preserved or fermented, that is added in variable quantities, most often at the table, to make food more suitable to the diner's taste. Some condiments are dry such as a mixture of herbs and seasonings or Parmesan cheese, however many are preserved sauces that have been put into a bottle, jar, or other container. For convenience, some condiments are provided in single-serving packets often with take-out foods.

Condiments are most supposed to be eaten with the supplement of other food. They may be served on the side or as a garnish, like sauerkraut, which can be used as a bed for Schweinshaxen (pork knuckles) or as a topping for a hot dog. When served separately, the amount is usually at the diner's discretion, however condiments may be added prior to serving, for example a deli sandwich made with mayonnaise and mustard. Some condiments may also be used during cooking to add flavor or texture to the food; for example, barbecue sauce, teriyaki sauce, and soy sauce all have flavors that can enhance the tastes of a variety of different meats and vegetables. Bacon or bacon bits can be perceived as condiments at some restaurants.

Although sometimes considered a condiment, salt is more strictly considered as a seasoning, as salt does not come 'prepared' like most condiments do.