Catecholamines are chemical compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine containing catechol and amine groups. Some of them are biogenic amines. Catecholamines are water-soluble and are 50% bound to plasma proteins, so they circulate in the bloodstream. The most abundant catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine, all of which are produced by phenylalanine and tyrosine. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietary protein). Tyrosine is then sent to catecholamine-secreting neurons. Here, many kinds of reactions convert it to dopamine, to norepinephrine, and eventually to epinephrine. Catecholamines are hormones that are released by the adrenal glands in situations of stress such as psychological stress or low blood sugar levels.