The North Atlantic Treaty is the treaty that brought NATO into existence, signed in Washington, DC on April 4, 1949. The original twelve nations that signed it and thus became the founding members of NATO were the following:
| * Belgium * Canada * Denmark * France * Iceland * Italy | * Luxembourg * Netherlands * Norway * Portugal * United Kingdom * United States |
Later the following nations joined:
| * Bulgaria (2004) * Czech Republic (1999) * Estonia (2004) * West Germany (1955) * Greece (1952) * Hungary (1999) * Latvia (2004) | * Lithuania (2004) * Poland (1999) * Romania (2004) * Slovakia (2004) * Slovenia (2004) * Spain (1982) * Turkey (1952) |
When Germany was reunified in 1990, the country as a whole became a member of NATO.
The key section of the treaty was Article V which committed each member state to consider an armed attack against one state to be an armed attack against all states. The treaty was created with an armed attack by the Soviet Union against Western Europe in mind, but the mutual self-defense clause was never invoked during the Cold War. Rather, it was invoked for the first time in 2001 in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks against the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in Operation Eagle Assist.
In the United States, the treaty was approved by the Senate in a vote of 82 to 13 on July 21 1949.
