Alexander Kielland was a Norwegian oil platform in the Ekofisk oil field. The platform, located approximately 320 km east from Dundee, Scotland, was owned by the Stavanger Drilling Company of Norway and was being hired by the U.S. company Phillips Petroleum at the time of the disaster. The platform was named after the Norwegian writer.

After 40 months of service, the floating drill platform was no longer used for drilling purposes but served as a living quarters for the nearby Edda platform.

In driving rain and mist, early in the evening of 27th March 1980 more than 200 men were off duty in the accommodation on the Alexander Kielland. The wind was gusting to 40 knots with waves up to 12m high. The platform had just been winched away from the Edda production platform. Minutes before 18.30 those on board felt a 'sharp crack' followed by 'some kind of trembling'. Suddenly the rig heeled over 30° and then stabilised. Five of the six anchor cables had broken, the one remaining cable was preventing the rig from capsizing. The list continued to increase and at 18.53 the remaining anchor cable snapped and the rig turned upside down. 130 men were in the mess hall and the cinema. The rig had seven 50-man lifeboats and twenty 20-man rafts. Four lifeboats were launched, only one managed to release from the lowering cables. ( A safety device did not allow release until the strain was removed from the cables.) A fifth lifeboat came adrift and surfaced upside down, its occupants righted it and gathered 19 men from the water. Two of Kiellands rafts were detached, 3 men were rescued from them. Two 12-man rafts were thrown from Edda and rescued 13 survivors. 7 men were taken from the sea by supply boats and 7 swam to Edda.

No-one was rescued by the standby vessel which took an hour to reach the scene.

Of the 212 people aboard 123 were killed, making it as of 2007 the worst disaster in Norwegian offshore history. Most of the workers were from Rogaland.