Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (أبومصعب الزرقاوي, , Abu Musab from Zarqa)) (October 30, 1966 – June 7, 2006), born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh (أحمد فضيل النزال الخلايله, ) was a Jordanian militant Islamist who ran a militant training camp in Afghanistan. He became known after going to Iraq and being accused by United States and Jordanian officials for a series of bombings, beheadings and attacks during the Iraq War.

He was believed to have formed al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, which later became the group called Al-Qaeda in Iraq, in the 1990s, and led it until his death in June 2006. Zarqawi took responsibility, on several audio- and videotapes, for numerous acts of violence in Iraq including suicide bombings and hostage executions. Zarqawi opposed the presence of U.S. and Western military forces in the Islamic world as well as the West's support for and the existence of Israel. In late 2004 he joined al-Qaeda and pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden.

In September 2005, he reportedly declared "all-out war" on Shia in Iraq in response to the Shia government offensive on the Sunni town of Tal Afar. He is believed responsible for dispatching numerous suicide bombers throughout Iraq to attack American soldiers and areas with large concentrations of Shia militias. He is also believed responsible for the 2005 bombing of three hotels in Amman, Jordan.