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Loukoumas (Greek λουκουμάς [luku'mas], plural λουκουμάδες loukoumades) or tulumba (Bosnian) lokma (Turkish [lok'ma]) luqmat al-qadi (Arabic:القمة القادي, see etymology below) is a popular Greek, Cypriot, Turkish, and Middle Eastern/Arabic fried-dough pastry. It is made of deep fried dough coated with sugar syrup or honey and cinnamon, and sometimes sprinkled with sesame.
This pastry is called zvingous or zvingoi by the Greek Jews, who make them as Hanukkah treats. It is claimed to have been originated by the Romaniotes, though the name derives from medieval German swinge, . A similar dish is also found in Italy as sfingi di San Giuseppe.
In Turkey, lokma are traditionally distributed to the poor at funerals (lokma dökmek) and by street vendors during festivals.
In Greece, loukoumades are commonly spiced with clove and cinnamon in a honey syrup and can be sprinkled lightly with powdered sugar.
Various other kinds of fried dough with syrup are found in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and South Asia, from the Italian zeppole to the Indian jalebi and gulab jamun.
